tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3611648598107936032024-03-12T16:43:03.268-07:00EGR 393 Lab BlogAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.comBlogger14125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-18463954758442821992016-04-24T14:28:00.000-07:002016-04-25T11:19:54.980-07:00Week 14<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Blog sheet Week 14: <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>This week’s blog sheet will
be as group. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Your blogsheet 14 tasks:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Video
of your RG group setup.</b></div>
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Video 1: Group Rube Goldberg setup and brief explanation</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Video
of your RG group in action<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Failed attempt</b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Successful attempt</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Video 2: Group Rube Goldberg Fail</span></div>
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Video 3: Fail again</div>
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Video 4: The ultimate fail...</div>
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We've been having minor tweaks to take care of, and every time we fixed something, another thing would go wrong. So unfortunately, we don't have a success video (so far).</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-2495261366448231532016-04-18T05:22:00.000-07:002016-04-18T20:08:29.346-07:00Week 13<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Blog sheet Week 13<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<i>This week’s blog sheet will
be both individual and group.</i></div>
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<i>Your blogsheet 13 tasks:<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><i>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
the updated computer drawing for your individual RG setup. <span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><i>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Explain
your setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><i>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
photos of the circuit and setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><i>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
at least 2 new videos of your setup in action, one being a failed attempt.<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><i>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->What
failures did you have? How did you overcome them?<o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><i>6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Group
task: Explain your group RG setup. <o:p></o:p></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><i>7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Group
task: Video of a test run of your group RG.</i><o:p></o:p></div>
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<i>---------------------------------------------</i></div>
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<b><u>AJ:</u></b></div>
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<i><b><br /></b></i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
the updated computer drawing for your individual RG setup. <span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vPF46FMwo_Y/VxQ0-rTXwXI/AAAAAAAAAjw/VbmFfTa5RNU-jROrW91VVDXB1YaOCRorwCLcB/s1600/RB2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="483" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vPF46FMwo_Y/VxQ0-rTXwXI/AAAAAAAAAjw/VbmFfTa5RNU-jROrW91VVDXB1YaOCRorwCLcB/s640/RB2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Computer drawing setup</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Explain
your setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
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A solar panel will start the
circuit when a cover is lifted from it from Andrew’s machine. Once the solar
panel is revealed to a light source (room lighting), the voltage will transfer to
an op amp and will then trigger a relay. Once the relay switches, the motor
will turn on. A string will be attached to the motor and a toy car; when
spinning, the toy car will charge at a balloon with a needle attached at a
slight angle. The balloon will pop, starting a domino effect. I plan on adding
a second motor to my circuit to help stop it after I start Vince’s machine. The
idea is to pull a component out of the breadboard (i.e. one of the resistors),
so that way it becomes an open circuit and stops my motors from running.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
photos of the circuit and setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wFfN3lVXSQM/VxQwRucBQYI/AAAAAAAAAjk/e75TLFfjCe4qKG9lpIqUniCngZw30s5ggCLcB/s1600/IMG_3394.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wFfN3lVXSQM/VxQwRucBQYI/AAAAAAAAAjk/e75TLFfjCe4qKG9lpIqUniCngZw30s5ggCLcB/s320/IMG_3394.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Part of setup</td></tr>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
at least 2 new videos of your setup in action, one being a failed attempt.<o:p></o:p></b><br />
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<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/neOCz1_rTY4/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/neOCz1_rTY4?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Video: Relay was going crazy when I used a new motor (3V) </div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/OLYzRk6GLlI/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/OLYzRk6GLlI?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Video: Plan B motor</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/amu0AdcnZIU/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/amu0AdcnZIU?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Video: Mini test run (sorta failed)</div>
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I was able to obtain a smaller motor as shown in last week, however my motor went missing. So over the weekend I decided to go buy two motors, that way I have my own. However, when I tried connecting either of them to my original layout, the relay went crazy. I'm going to be figuring out this problem this week.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->What
failures did you have? How did you overcome them?<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
My current issue is having my new motor spin. Not sure why, but the relay was just buzzing and my motor didn't spin at all. I've adjusted the voltage input, but was either getting nothing or the same buzzing sound. I haven't figured out a way to solve this yet due to lack of time. I'll be looking over it this week.<br />
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<b><u>Andrew:</u></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
the updated computer drawing for your individual RG setup. <span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v70QZPMGVAY/VxTMOWpDBcI/AAAAAAAAAkg/GQWIIpO2WDgY9jtZ-nZdLu7JWi-SnJ4qQCLcB/s1600/andrew%2Brb.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="376" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-v70QZPMGVAY/VxTMOWpDBcI/AAAAAAAAAkg/GQWIIpO2WDgY9jtZ-nZdLu7JWi-SnJ4qQCLcB/s640/andrew%2Brb.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Andrew's computer pic<br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Explain
your setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Initially the solar panel will be covered that way the
circuit will not be functioning. Once the solar panel becomes uncovered it will
transform the light into a small voltage, which will be amplified by the OpAmp
enough to trigger the relay to switch. Once the relay switches, the +5VDC will
be applied to the motor, which will turn it on and raise the flag (and
hopefully trigger the next circuit to activate.) Once the flag has been raised
to the top the motor will lift an object (a chunk of cement) off the limit
switch that will turn off the motor. Also, the +5VDC applied to the motor might
need to be calibrated (changed) slightly. It will probably be more like +3VDC
this way the motor doesn’t run too fast and mess something up. We want a slow
and controlled motion. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
photos of the circuit and setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b></b><br />
<b></b>
<b></b>
<b></b>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1ibxsvR0hZk/VxTRN52ED5I/AAAAAAAAAkw/6bzfrg0Zl8MxgmlF73IcybfBlkRLyrB-wCLcB/s1600/IMG_3415.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-1ibxsvR0hZk/VxTRN52ED5I/AAAAAAAAAkw/6bzfrg0Zl8MxgmlF73IcybfBlkRLyrB-wCLcB/s320/IMG_3415.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Circuit set up</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9yMjcXQUCqU/VxTRQOSIzhI/AAAAAAAAAk0/StW-tKUo6nsatsr0u5WNa0YWbuwfYS-KgCLcB/s1600/IMG_3416.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9yMjcXQUCqU/VxTRQOSIzhI/AAAAAAAAAk0/StW-tKUo6nsatsr0u5WNa0YWbuwfYS-KgCLcB/s320/IMG_3416.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Whole set up</td></tr>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
at least 2 new videos of your setup in action, one being a failed attempt.<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/AH10_tcMSts/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AH10_tcMSts?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Video: Test Run </div>
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<br /><iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ZxFAdl4dCMQ/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZxFAdl4dCMQ?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
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Video: Test run 2</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->What
failures did you have? How did you overcome them?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The
one thing that had to be adjusted was the voltage being applied to the motor,
at first it was too low and the motor wouldn’t even spin. This is a simple
problem to fix, you just have to increase the voltage slowly until you get to a
voltage that comfortably starts and keeps the motor spinning. Other then that,
I didn’t have too many problems</span><br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><u>Vincent</u></b></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
the updated computer drawing for your individual RG setup. <span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-V08Yj0fINtc/VxTJ-JC7lEI/AAAAAAAAAkA/AEyln4i5zXMPtg2oEM_cLEI73qwsAqpWwCLcB/s1600/Vince%2BRB2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-V08Yj0fINtc/VxTJ-JC7lEI/AAAAAAAAAkA/AEyln4i5zXMPtg2oEM_cLEI73qwsAqpWwCLcB/s640/Vince%2BRB2.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Explain
your setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The setup is pretty much the same
with only a few changes<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The first change I made was the
addition of a solar panel to power the circuit instead of a force sensor. This
change occurred after I was still having trouble providing enough power to the
relay. Instead of providing power the force sensor was shorting the entire
circuit. The second change I made was changing my mechanics a little bit I
added a plastic cup attached to a string at the end of the ramp setup. The
string is attached on two different ends when the ball falls in the cup it will
do two things at once. On one end the sudden drop will pull the cover that is
placed over the solar panel starting the next machine. The other end of the
string will be attached to a small cardboard piece that when pulled will block
the light source on my solar panel turning off my motor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
photos of the circuit and setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AU26-zaTjHM/VxTKrfJxK7I/AAAAAAAAAkM/U-4xTpUNX8cP-T5vW8sZNjpEFmPWtZ0mgCLcB/s1600/vince%2Bmotor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-AU26-zaTjHM/VxTKrfJxK7I/AAAAAAAAAkM/U-4xTpUNX8cP-T5vW8sZNjpEFmPWtZ0mgCLcB/s320/vince%2Bmotor.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Motor/cardboard trigger</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7z4I-PI6wZ4/VxTKfbZT_uI/AAAAAAAAAkE/NhBKEZEoXYc_vMFumlOrl8Pk8c8HdHljgCKgB/s1600/Vince%2Bpanel.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-7z4I-PI6wZ4/VxTKfbZT_uI/AAAAAAAAAkE/NhBKEZEoXYc_vMFumlOrl8Pk8c8HdHljgCKgB/s320/Vince%2Bpanel.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Solar panel as new power source</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aWde3K8z_aM/VxTLGlQWN3I/AAAAAAAAAkU/aEvn0BnWJYUMqOBIax9Ll2l52aVJcttCwCLcB/s1600/vince%2Bfull%2Bsetup.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="239" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aWde3K8z_aM/VxTLGlQWN3I/AAAAAAAAAkU/aEvn0BnWJYUMqOBIax9Ll2l52aVJcttCwCLcB/s320/vince%2Bfull%2Bsetup.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image; Full setup</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
at least 2 new videos of your setup in action, one being a failed attempt.<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/jekuKPqkYrs/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jekuKPqkYrs?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Video: Success run</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/F7V1OFQ2VaY/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/F7V1OFQ2VaY?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Video: Failed run</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->What
failures did you have? How did you overcome them?</b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">the big failure I had was getting
the force sensor to power my circuit. After several different setups and
getting the same result of shorting my circuit I decided to change to a solar
panel as my power source. This new power source worked perfectly and provided
the power I needed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The second issue I faced was how to
turn off my circuit when complete I also tried to incorporate my force sensor
but again ran in to the issue of shorting out my circuit to early. I solved
this issue by changing my mechanics and rigging a cup to a string that will
pull down a small cardboard piece over my light source turning off my circuit. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</div>
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<b><u>Group:</u></b><br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Group
task: Explain your group RG setup. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Starting with Andrews:<o:p></o:p></div>
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A solar panel will become uncovered and the signal amplified
by an opamp, which will then trigger a relay to switch. Once the relay
switches, power will be delivered to a motor which will raise the flag. Then,
as the flag reaches the top, the motor will do two things. First, it will lift
a small piece of cement off a switch which will cause the motor to stop.
Secondly, it will remove the covering on AJ's solar panel and trigger her
circuit. This signal will be amplified as well by an opamp which will trigger a
relay delivering power to a motor. The motor will spin pulling a car across and
end up popping a balloon, which will then cause a chain reaction of dominos to
fall and eventually uncover the light
source that will activate Vince's circuit. The light source will be absorbed by
another solar panel which will, again, be amplified by an opamp and trigger a
relay. This will then provide power to a motor pulling a stopper releasing a
ball. The ball will then roll down a ramp and into a cup, which will then fall
of the table, pulling a piece of paper off the next solar panel and it will
then trigger the next circuit. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal;">
</span></b><!--[endif]--><b>Group
task: Video of a test run of your group RG.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</div>
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<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/0HhOPneS92I/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0HhOPneS92I?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Video: Test run of group RG (failed)</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
We have a lot of tweaking to do for our group RG. We're currently working on fixing our own RG and making sure ours starts the next RG. </div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-45419444920407768142016-04-10T16:25:00.000-07:002016-04-11T10:10:48.886-07:00Week 12<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Blogsheet Week 12: <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
This week’s blog sheet will
be individual but you will post it on your group blog. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Your individual Rube Goldberg
(RG) setup should satisfy the following:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Use
at least 2 of the following components:<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Transistor<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->OPAMP<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Relay<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Temperature sensor<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Photosensor<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->f.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Motor<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->g.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Display<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->h.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Strain gauge<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->i.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Speaker<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->j.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Microphone</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->k.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Solar panel<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Use
a new circuit: It can be a modification to one of our lab circuits.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Let
your system complete its task in no shorter than 10 seconds.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Make
sure you are compatible with your preceding and following RG stage.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br />
<b><u>Vince:</u></b><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<u><b><br /></b></u></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
the computer drawing for your individual RG setup. <span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2R84sGRNr3Y/VwrQU5VfmoI/AAAAAAAAAgo/PsPf5wvARboesR-iOiw6VzxVx_e-caoOA/s1600/Vince%2BRB.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="175" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-2R84sGRNr3Y/VwrQU5VfmoI/AAAAAAAAAgo/PsPf5wvARboesR-iOiw6VzxVx_e-caoOA/s320/Vince%2BRB.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Explain
your setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12.0pt;">The whole device is triggered by an
object landing on the force sensor. The input voltage goes through the oamp and
is multiplied by a non-inverting amplifier. This new input voltage is sent to
the relay. On one end is a led that is already on on the other is a motor
turned off. When the relay is triggered the motor turns on. This begins winding
a string attached to a small cardboard flap that is keeping the ball on top of
the ramp. The flap is removed and the ball rolls down the ramp triggering the
next device.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 1: Starting setup with force sensor as trigger</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 2: Add LED to one end of relay</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 3: Full set up</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 4: Test one of entire set up</td></tr>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Provide
at least 2 videos of your setup in action, one being a failed attempt.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->What
failures did you have? How did you overcome them? </b><o:p></o:p><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">One of the
major issues I have had is being able to use the force sensor to trigger the
relay. The problem is getting the input voltage high enough to trigger the
relay. I am trying different resistor combinations in a non-inverting amplifier
set up.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><u><b>AJ: </b></u></span></div>
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your individual RG setup. <span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 1: Schematic idea #1<br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 2: Schematic idea #2</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image 3: Physical Rube Goldberg setup</td></tr>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">2.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Explain your setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Idea #1: A
solar panel will start the circuit when it is revealed to a light source from Andrew's machine. The capacitor will build up and the capacitor voltage will start the dc motor. With Idea #2, the voltage from the solar panel will transfer to an op amp, which will help trigger the relay. When the relay switches, it will turn on the 6V dc motor.
The motor will begin to spin, pulling a car that is attached to a wire. On the
front car, there is a needle. The car will drive into a balloon, popping it
with the needle, and hope that there will be enough force from the balloon pop
to start a domino effect (the balloon and the first domino will be touching
each other). At the end, the last domino will fall onto the force sensor of the
next Rube Goldberg machine. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Update: Decided to go with Idea #2</div>
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setup.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Breadboard layout of Idea #2</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Breadboard with solar panel of Idea #2</td></tr>
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Video 1: AJ's failed test run</div>
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Video 2: AJ's successful test run</div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">I was having issues starting up my motor; since it's a bigger motor, I
need to supply enough voltage to make it spin. I might have to add in an opamp (non-inverting). I wanted to use a photosensor to start the circuit, but had to use a solar panel instead. Before I connected the motor at the end, I was measuring about 6.5 V, which is enough to make the motor spin. But when I connected the motor, the voltage significantly drops to around 35 mV. It's becoming a reoccurring issue; probably something simple to fix though. <o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Update: I was able to make a smaller motor run compared to the larger motor. I switched the large motor out for the small one since Andrew wasn't using his anymore for his machine (as of today at least). I fixed the values of the resistors to have a higher gain to trigger the relay and move the motor. However, now I need to make the physical part of my machine and test it out this week. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><b><u>Andrew:</u></b></span><br />
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Initially the solar panel will be covered that way the
circuit will not be functioning. Once the solar panel becomes uncovered it will
transform the light into a small voltage, which will be amplified by the OpAmp
enough to trigger the relay to switch. Once the relay switches, the +5VDC will
be applied to the motor which will turn it on and raise the flag (and hopefully
trigger the next circuit to activate.) The only change that might be made is to
install a current limiting resister between the motor and relay.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Andrew's breadboard layout</td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Andrew's nifty wheel :)</td></tr>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">4.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">Provide at least 2 videos of your
setup in action, one being a failed attempt.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/I3LyKgRCyK0/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/I3LyKgRCyK0?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Video 3: Andrew's failed Test Run</div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ZyXZ5_kx868/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZyXZ5_kx868?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Video 4: Andrew's Success Test Run</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">5.<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><!--[endif]--></b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><b>What failures did you have? How did
you overcome them? </b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">I needed to play around with the resistor values to get a high enough gain to move the crane setup. I also switched out my motor because the crane will be more efficient to pull the string and raise the flag.</span>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-33245126132437026852016-03-30T04:52:00.000-07:002016-04-03T10:41:00.723-07:00Week 11<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b>Blog sheet Week 11: Strain Gauges <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<b>Part A: Strain Gauges:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
Strain gauges are used to
measure the strain or stress levels on the materials. Alternatively, pressure
on the strain gauge causes a generated voltage and it can be used as an energy
harvester. You will be given either the flapping or tapping type gauge. When
you test the circle buzzer type gauge, you will lay it flat on the table and
tap on it. If it is the long rectangle one, you will flap the piece to generate
voltage.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Connect
the oscilloscope probes to the strain gauge. Record the peak voltage values
(positive and negative) by flipping/tapping the gauge with low and high pressure.
Make sure to set the oscilloscope horizontal and vertical scales appropriately
so you can read the values. DO NOT USE the measure tool of the oscilloscope.
Adjust your oscilloscope so you can read the values from the screen. Fill out Table
1 and provide photos of the oscilloscope.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
<i>Table <!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>SEQ Table \* ARABIC <span style='mso-element:
field-separator'></span><![endif]-->1<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]-->:
Strain gauge characteristics<o:p></o:p></i></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.7pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b>Flipping
strength<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.55pt;" valign="top" width="190"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b>Minimum
Voltage<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.55pt;" valign="top" width="190"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<b>Maximum
Voltage<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.7pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
Low<sub><o:p></o:p></sub></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.55pt;" valign="top" width="190"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
-3 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.55pt;" valign="top" width="190"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
3 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 157.7pt;" valign="top" width="210"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
High<sub><o:p></o:p></sub></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.55pt;" valign="top" width="190"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
-10 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 142.55pt;" valign="top" width="190"><div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
10 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Press
the “Single” button below the Autoscale button on the oscilloscope. This mode
will allow you to capture a single change at the output. Adjust your time and
amplitude scales so you have the best resolution for your signal when you flip/tap
your strain gauge. Provide a photo of the oscilloscope graph.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hwjXEZt6uvA/VvlZ_E6nDhI/AAAAAAAAAgA/iw-5GRIbPfYXTyqXgJtPAzRUlcfeCMS9g/s1600/IMG_3298.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hwjXEZt6uvA/VvlZ_E6nDhI/AAAAAAAAAgA/iw-5GRIbPfYXTyqXgJtPAzRUlcfeCMS9g/s320/IMG_3298.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 1: Single change output</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b>Part B: Half-Wave Rectifiers<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Construct the
following half-wave rectifier. Measure the input and the output using the
oscilloscope and provide a snapshot of the outputs.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7awMCARYlVI/Vvlbp3kCdOI/AAAAAAAAAgQ/bCtmkA7nl6QKlmCNLr317dZXn1gjFE-RQ/s1600/half%2Bwave%2Brect.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="193" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-7awMCARYlVI/Vvlbp3kCdOI/AAAAAAAAAgQ/bCtmkA7nl6QKlmCNLr317dZXn1gjFE-RQ/s320/half%2Bwave%2Brect.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
The
input is 10Vpp at 1kHz<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
Output is 4.56Vpp</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vO202l2X_aQ/VvlaBTEwWtI/AAAAAAAAAgE/r06RD8CqBV8mfyPWziQUl041sgofj2VDA/s1600/IMG_3299.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vO202l2X_aQ/VvlaBTEwWtI/AAAAAAAAAgE/r06RD8CqBV8mfyPWziQUl041sgofj2VDA/s320/IMG_3299.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 2: Half wave rectifier output</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Calculate the
effective voltage of the input and output and compare the values with the
measured ones by completing the following table. </b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center">
<i><br /></i></div>
<div align="center">
<i> Table 2: Effective (rms) of input and output voltage </i></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Effective (rms) values<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Calculated<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Measured<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Input<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
3.53 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
3.54 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Output<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
1.61 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
1.58 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%;">
<o:p>Equation used for calculated values: Vrms = (Vpp/2) (.707)</o:p><br />
<o:p><br /></o:p>
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Construct the following circuit and record the
output voltage using both DMM and the oscilloscope.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-agAC81WKlGY/Vvlb6FgJhaI/AAAAAAAAAgU/I386P5V2ILkLsYc32IN0dg8ALL_ba4Mig/s1600/half%2Bwave%2Brect2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="159" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-agAC81WKlGY/Vvlb6FgJhaI/AAAAAAAAAgU/I386P5V2ILkLsYc32IN0dg8ALL_ba4Mig/s320/half%2Bwave%2Brect2.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i style="line-height: 200%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Table 3: Output voltage readings with 1 </i><span style="line-height: 200%; text-align: start; text-indent: -0.25in;"><i>µF</i></span></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center;">
<b><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 100.5pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 202.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Amanda\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.emz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Oscilloscope<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>DMM<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Output Voltage
(p-p)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
2.32 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Not possible<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Output Voltage
(mean)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
2.89 V (not
possible..?)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Not possible<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The mean shouldn’t be higher than the peak to peak value. It should
be somewhere between the peak to peak voltage. It's also impossible to measure the peak to peak value and mean value on the DMM.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Replace
the 1 µF capacitor with 100 µF and repeat the previous step. What has changed?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<i>Table 4: Output voltage readings with 100</i><b> </b><span style="line-height: 200%; text-align: start; text-indent: -0.25in;"><i>µF</i></span></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>Oscilloscope<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>DMM<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Output Voltage
(p-p)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
160 mV<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Not possible<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Output Voltage
(mean)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
3.28 V <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in; mso-add-space: auto;">
Not possible<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
What changed after replacing the capacitors is that the output voltage peak to peak was smaller than the mean output voltage.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="color: red; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b>Part C: Energy Harvesters<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Construct the half-wave rectifier circuit
without the resistor but with the 1 µF capacitor. Instead of the function
generator, use the strain gauge. Discharge the capacitor every time you start a
new measurement. Flip/tap your strain gauge and observe the output voltage.
Fill out the table below:</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<i>Table 5: Output voltages at different tap frequencies</i></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Tap frequency<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Duration<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
<b>Output voltage<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1 flip/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
10 seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.15 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1 flip/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
20 seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.16 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1 flip /second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
30 seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
1.27 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4 flips/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
10 seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2.14 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4 flips/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
20 seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2.2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
4 flips/second<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
30 seconds<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;" valign="top"><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;">
2.3 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 200%; margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 200%; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Briefly
explain your results. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
According to our chart,the more taps you do, the higher the output voltage.
When you do a steady tap, the voltage generally stays the same. When you do
multiple taps per second, it slowly increases.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 200%;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->If we do not use the diode in the circuit (i.e.
using only strain gauge to charge the capacitor), what would you observe at the
output? Why?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
When we didn’t use the diode, the output wasn't consistent. When you use a
diode, it only allows positive current to flow; without it the capacitor wouldn't really charge. </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-83935948398446354802016-03-25T06:21:00.003-07:002016-03-28T09:44:08.228-07:00Week 10<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Blogsheet week 10<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>In this week’s lab, you will collect more data on low pass
and high pass filters and “process” them using MATLAB.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b>PART A: MATLAB
practice.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Open MATLAB. Open the editor and copy &
paste the following code. Name your code as FirstCode.m<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<b>Save the resulting plot as a JPEG image and
put it here</b>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
clear all;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
close all;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
x = [1 2 3 4 5];<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
y = 2.^x;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
plot(x, y, 'LineWidth', 6)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
xlabel('Numbers', 'FontSize', 12)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
ylabel('Results', 'FontSize', 12)<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IxheIaZon3c/Vu_mPMS2FzI/AAAAAAAAAfA/LQUbnzV5BsguRiDBn_2-afAHH6fBhPfWw/s1600/FirstCode.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IxheIaZon3c/Vu_mPMS2FzI/AAAAAAAAAfA/LQUbnzV5BsguRiDBn_2-afAHH6fBhPfWw/s320/FirstCode.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 1: MATLAB result</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What does <i>clear
all</i> do?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Clear all </i>clears
out all variables that were previously defined<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What does <i>close
all</i> do?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Close all </i>deletes
all figures in handles that aren’t hidden<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->In the command line, type <i>x</i> and press enter. This is a matrix. How many rows and columns are
there in the matrix?</b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p>There are 5 columns and 1 row. </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p>x = [ 1 2 3 4 5]</o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Why is there a semicolon at the end of the line
of <i>x</i> and <i>y</i>?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
There’s a semicolon at the end of the line of x and y
because it ends each line, that way they're separate from each other.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Remove the dot on the y = 2.^x; line and execute
the code again. What does the error message mean?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p> The message means that the line can't perform the code because the code is an element by element, and with that you need to have a period between, in this case, the 2 and the power of x. If x was only equaled to one number, then the code may have executed. The code may also be executed if the matrix was squared. </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How does the LineWidth affect the plot? Explain.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
LineWidth affects the plot by making the plotted line either thinner or thicker<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Type <i>help
plot</i> on the command line and study the options for <i>plot</i> command. Provide how you would change the line for <i>plot</i> command to obtain the following
figure (Hint: Like <i>‘LineWidth’</i>, there
is another property called <i>‘MarkerSize’</i>)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype
id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t"
path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f">
<v:stroke joinstyle="miter"/>
<v:formulas>
<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"/>
<v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"/>
<v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"/>
<v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"/>
</v:formulas>
<v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"/>
<o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"/>
</v:shapetype><v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75"
style='width:200.25pt;height:150pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Amanda\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.emz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p>This is our code: </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p> clear all; </o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
close all;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
x = [ 1 2 3 4 5 ];</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
y = 2.^x;</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
plot(x, y, 'ro-', 'LineWidth', 5, ...</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
'MarkerSize',15)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
xlabel ('Numbers', 'FontSize', 12)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
ylabel('Results', 'FontSize', 12)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p> We added 'ro-' to get the red solid line and circle markers, and then added 'MarkerSize' to size the circles.We made the MarkerSize bigger than the LineWidth in order to have the open circles; otherwise, the circles looked filled.</o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sNqDBTWFnWQ/Vu_kjjwUdCI/AAAAAAAAAe0/qgwYdkaJI14wPkS1Yxjwmm59kCaVR1kzQ/s1600/markersize.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sNqDBTWFnWQ/Vu_kjjwUdCI/AAAAAAAAAe0/qgwYdkaJI14wPkS1Yxjwmm59kCaVR1kzQ/s320/markersize.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What happens if you change the line for <i>x</i> to <i>x
= [1; 2; 3; 4; 5];</i> ? Explain.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
If you change the line in the code, you'll get nothing. The semicolons defines the numbers in the brackets to x.<br />
<br />
However, if you were to change the line alone (without the rest of the code), you would get a new row. So in this case, the output would look like<br />
<br />
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
x =<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
2<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
3<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
4<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
instead
of<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
x =<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
1 2 3 4 5<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="color: red;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<!--[if gte vml 1]><v:shape
id="Picture_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:276.75pt;
height:207.75pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'>
<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Amanda\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image003.emz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Degree vs. radian in MATLAB:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Calculate sine of 30 degrees using a calculator
or internet.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Degree Mode: <span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">sin(30) = 1/2 = 0.5</span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Radian Mode: sin(30) = pi/6</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Type sin(30) in the command line of the MATLAB. Why
is this number different? (Hint: MATLAB treats angles as radians).</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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In MATLAB, we got -0.9880. This is different because MATLAB is treating 30 as radians instead of degrees.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How can you modify sin(30) so we get the correct
number?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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You can modify sin(30) by changing 30 to pi/6. We when did this, we got 0.5.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Plot <i>y =
10 sin (100 t)</i> using Matlab with two different resolutions on the same plot: 10 points per period and
1000 points per period. The plot needs to show only two periods. Commands you might need to use are linspace, plot,
hold on, legend, xlabel, and ylabel. Provide your code and resulting figure.
The output figure should look like the following:</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />
t1 = linspace(0, (4*pi)/100, 10);<br />
t2 = linspace(0, (4*pi)/100, 1000);<br />
y1 = 10*sin(100*t1);<br />
y2 = 10*sin(100*t2);<br />
plot(t1, y1, 'ro-', t2, y2)<br />
xlabel('Time (s)')<br />
ylabel('y function')<br />
legend('coarse', 'fine')</div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jlI0jpH4OzI/VvLEozrSTMI/AAAAAAAAAfQ/__oLIPYTdBcPOixn_tIOmBXx4J3AzhRRA/s1600/untitled.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jlI0jpH4OzI/VvLEozrSTMI/AAAAAAAAAfQ/__oLIPYTdBcPOixn_tIOmBXx4J3AzhRRA/s400/untitled.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 2: MATLAB result</i></td></tr>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Explain what is changed in the following plot
comparing to the previous one.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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What changes in this plot is the fine line. It flattens out at y(x) = 5. </div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->The command <i>find</i>
was used to create this code. Study the use of find (<i>help find</i>) and try to replicate the plot above. Provide your code.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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clear all;<br />
close all;<br />
t1 = linspace(0, (4*pi)/100, 10);<br />
t2 = linspace(0, (4*pi)/100, 1000);<br />
y1 = 10*sin(100*t1);<br />
y2 = 10*sin(100*t2);<br />
x = find (y2>5);<br />
y2(x) = 5;<br />
plot(t1, y1, 'ro-', t2, y2)<br />
xlabel('Time (s)')<br />
ylabel('y function')<br />
legend('coarse', 'fine')</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IIU0tdzcZSY/VvLEsYLE-RI/AAAAAAAAAfY/NFrfR2h0zEYadvmLu7-lRI6d0ds6rkgjg/s1600/untitled3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IIU0tdzcZSY/VvLEsYLE-RI/AAAAAAAAAfY/NFrfR2h0zEYadvmLu7-lRI6d0ds6rkgjg/s400/untitled3.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 3: MATLAB result</i></td></tr>
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<b>PART B: Filters and
MATLAB<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Build a low pass filter using a resistor and
capacitor in which the cut off frequency is 1 kHz. Observe the output signal
using the oscilloscope. Collect several data points particularly around the cut
off frequency. Provide your data in a table.</b><o:p></o:p><br />
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<i>Table 1: Frequency data points and the output voltage of a low pass filter</i></div>
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<b>Data
Points<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Output
(low pass)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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100 Hz</div>
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6.09 V</div>
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200 Hz</div>
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6.02 V</div>
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300 Hz</div>
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5.91 V</div>
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500 Hz</div>
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5.60 V</div>
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700 Hz</div>
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5.21 V</div>
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750 Hz</div>
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5.12 V</div>
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800 Hz</div>
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5.03 V</div>
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850 Hz</div>
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4.92 V</div>
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900 Hz</div>
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4.81 V</div>
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950 Hz</div>
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4.71 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.61 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.1 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.4 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.2 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.23 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.3 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.05 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.4 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.88 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.5 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.71 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.6 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.43 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.7 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.28 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.8 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.13 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.9 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.99 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.0 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.87 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.1 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.74 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.2 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.63 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.3 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.4 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
According to our table, the higher the frequency, the lower the voltage output.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b>15.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Plot your data using MATLAB. Make sure to use
proper labels for the plot and make your plot line and fonts readable. Provide
your code and the plot.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
%Low Pass
Filter<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
clear
all;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
close
all;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
x = [100,
200, 300, 500, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100,
1200,1300,1400,1500,1600,1700,1800,1900,2000,2100,2200,2300];<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
y= [6.09,
6.02, 5.91, 5.60, 5.21, 5.12, 5.03, 4.92, 4.81, 4.71, 4.61, 4.4, 4.23, 4.05,
3.88, 3.71, 3.43, 3.28, 3.13, 2.99, 2.87, 2.74, 2.63, 2.4];<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
z =
max(y)*0.707;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
%display(z);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
a =
find(y<z);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
%display(a);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
b=
min(a);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
%display(b);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
%display(y(b));<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
q =
((y(b)+y(b+1))/2);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
%display(q);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
F_cut
=((x(b)+x(b+1))/2);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
%display(F_cut);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
plot(x,y);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
hold on;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
plot([0
2300], [q q], 'b:', 'LineWidth', 1);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
hold on;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
xlabel('Frequency(Hz)');<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
ylabel('Output
Voltage');<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
legend('Response
Curve', 'Cutoff Frequency', 'location', 'Northeast');<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Qso6auKfyJg/VvUzoP081SI/AAAAAAAAAfo/1G5v7Ahqt_AUEuzWJezF9MgFX04sRrESg/s1600/Low_pass_B5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Qso6auKfyJg/VvUzoP081SI/AAAAAAAAAfo/1G5v7Ahqt_AUEuzWJezF9MgFX04sRrESg/s400/Low_pass_B5.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 4: MATLAB result of Low Pass Filter </i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b>16.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Calculate the cut off frequency using MATLAB. <i>find</i> command will be used. Provide your
code.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
*Please refer to the code above in #15, because we went ahead on accident.<br />
<br />
According to our plot and code, the cutoff frequency is 1250 Hz</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b>17.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Repeat 1-3 by modifying the circuit to a high
pass filter.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<i>Table 2: Frequency data points and output voltage of high pass filter</i><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Data
Points<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Output
(high pass)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
100 Hz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0.526 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
200 Hz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.03 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
300 Hz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.52 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
500 Hz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.39 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
700 Hz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.1 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
750 Hz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.25 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
800 Hz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.4 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
850 Hz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.56 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
900 Hz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.65 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
950 Hz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.77 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.87 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.1 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.14 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.2 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.32 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.3 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.48 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.4 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.62 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.5 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.74 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.6 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.85 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.7 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4.95 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.8 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5.03 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.9 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5.11 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.0 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5.18 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.1 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5.23 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.2 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5.29 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2.3 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5.33 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
According to our table, the higher the frequency, the higher the voltage output.<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: -0.25in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<b>18.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span>Plot your data using MATLAB. Make sure to use proper labels for the plot and make your plot line and fonts readable. Provide your code and the plot.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</div>
<br />
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
%High
Pass Filter<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
clear
all;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
close
all;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
x = [100,
200, 300, 500, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1100, 1200, 1300, 1400,
1500, 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2100, 2200, 2300]; <o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
y =
[0.526, 1.03, 1.52, 2.39, 3.1, 3.25, 3.4, 3.56, 3.65, 3.77, 3.87, 4.14, 4.32,
4.48, 4.62, 4.74, 4.85, 4.95, 5.03, 5.11, 5.18, 5.23, 5.29, 5.33];<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
z =
max(y)*0.707;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
%display(z);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
a =
find(y<z);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
%display(a);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
b=
max(a);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
%display(b);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
q =
((y(b)+y(b+1))/2);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
%display(q);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
F_cut
=((x(b)+x(b+1))/2);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
%display(F_cut);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
plot(x,y);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
hold on;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
plot([0
2300], [q q], 'b:', 'LineWidth', 1);<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0in;">
hold on;<o:p></o:p></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X2lwai8KcgE/VvUz6frEa7I/AAAAAAAAAfs/oTzVo0gn7LoRE7hrDJ3wwkdYEnvFeBPdA/s1600/High_pass_B3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-X2lwai8KcgE/VvUz6frEa7I/AAAAAAAAAfs/oTzVo0gn7LoRE7hrDJ3wwkdYEnvFeBPdA/s400/High_pass_B3.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 5: MATLAB result of High Pass Filter</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;">
</div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: start; text-indent: -0.25in; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;">
<div style="margin: 0px;">
<b>.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> 19. </span>Calculate the cut off frequency using MATLAB. <i>find</i> command will be used. Provide your code.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</div>
<br />
*Again, our code is found above, in #18.<br />
The cut off frequency is at 925 Hz<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-26275708816263178452016-03-19T14:32:00.000-07:002016-03-22T17:51:43.354-07:00Week 9<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Blogsheet week 9<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b><br /></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Measure the resistance of the speaker. </b><o:p></o:p></div>
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We measured the resistance of the speaker to be 9.2 <o:p></o:p><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ω</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Build the following circuit using a function
generator setting the amplitude to 5V (0V offset). What happens when you change
the frequency? (video) </b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jBuwWlpyHMA/VubD5IU5sNI/AAAAAAAAAco/nile2Ws5xMc980Bw9T03vz4_yvE3WrU9A/s1600/speaker.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="132" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jBuwWlpyHMA/VubD5IU5sNI/AAAAAAAAAco/nile2Ws5xMc980Bw9T03vz4_yvE3WrU9A/s320/speaker.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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Figure <!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>SEQ Figure \* ARABIC <span style='mso-element:
field-separator'></span><![endif]-->1<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]-->:
Test setup for the speaker.<span style="color: red;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/-tto6Ij7Tu8/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-tto6Ij7Tu8?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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Video 1: Frequency explanation<br />
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<b>3. Fill the following table. </b></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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Table <!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>SEQ Table \* ARABIC <span style='mso-element:
field-separator'></span><![endif]-->1<!--[if supportFields]><span
style='mso-no-proof:yes'><span style='mso-element:field-end'></span></span><![endif]-->:Frequency
of circuit set at 5V with our observations<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Frequency<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Observation<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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300 Hz<o:p></o:p></div>
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Small
humming sound, can barely hear it<o:p></o:p></div>
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500 Hz<o:p></o:p></div>
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Can start
to hear the sound<o:p></o:p></div>
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1.0 kHz<o:p></o:p></div>
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Pitch is
higher, kind of like the severe weather notice tone on tv<o:p></o:p></div>
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3.5 kHz<o:p></o:p></div>
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Pitch is
even higher, <o:p></o:p></div>
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5.0 kHz<o:p></o:p></div>
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Pitch is
even higher now,<o:p></o:p></div>
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12 kHz<o:p></o:p></div>
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Pitch is
so high, it’s kind of like dog whistle but louder than what you’d normally hear
from one<o:p></o:p></div>
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According to our table, we concluded that the high pitch sound corresponds to high frequency waves while the low pitch sound corresponds to low frequencies. We didn't hear anything until we reached 300 Hz; the pitch below that frequency was much quieter and it was hard trying to hear anything come out of the speaker while hearing other high frequencies in the room. </div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Add one
resistor to the circuit in series with the speaker (first 47 Ω, then 820 Ω). Measure the voltage
across the speaker. Briefly explain your observations.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Fill the following table.</b><br />
<b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b>
<b><span style="color: red;"><br /></span></b></div>
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Table 2:
Oscilloscope output and observation at certain resistor values <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Resistor value<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Oscilloscope
output<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Observation<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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47 Ω<o:p></o:p></div>
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Freq: 1.000
kHz; 128 mV pk-pk<o:p></o:p></div>
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0.26 Vrms <o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 143.7pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt;">
Higher the
frequency, the shorter the period<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 158.1pt;" valign="top" width="211"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; text-align: center;">
820 Ω<o:p></o:p></div>
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Freq:
1.000 kHz; 50.0 mV pk-pk<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10pt;">
0.025 Vrms <o:p></o:p></div>
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Higher the
frequency, the shorter the period. The amplitude is slightly different from a
different resistor value<o:p></o:p></div>
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</tbody></table>
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<br />
<br />
According to our table, the frequencies were the same. However, we measured different peak-to-peak and rms values, as shown in the table. The amplitude was also different when we used 820 <span style="text-align: center;"> </span><span style="text-align: center;">Ω (see pictures below). </span></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rPkqBSsAGKg/Vua9ENEwIlI/AAAAAAAAAcI/SNaipri1gGMdYINWKZvE9Ip1TFyhfrUjA/s1600/IMG_3247.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rPkqBSsAGKg/Vua9ENEwIlI/AAAAAAAAAcI/SNaipri1gGMdYINWKZvE9Ip1TFyhfrUjA/s320/IMG_3247.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
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<o:p>Image 1: The input of the oscilloscope</o:p><br />
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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Image 2: Oscilloscope reading with 47 <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ω</span></div>
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Image: Oscilloscope reading with 820 <span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 107%;">Ω</span></div>
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<b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Build the following circuit. Add a resistor in
series to the speaker to have an equivalent resistance of 100 Ω. Note that this
circuit is a high pass filter. Set the amplitude of the input signal to 8 V.
Change the frequency from low to high to observe the speaker sound. You should
not hear anything at the beginning and start hearing the sound after a certain
frequency. Use 22 nF for the capacitor.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ujzwjjqhz8g/VubD5Ct-kLI/AAAAAAAAAck/sFuxSlT-PSo8XDa3Oc2Jh6yS5cBt6IkYA/s1600/speakerc1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ujzwjjqhz8g/VubD5Ct-kLI/AAAAAAAAAck/sFuxSlT-PSo8XDa3Oc2Jh6yS5cBt6IkYA/s1600/speakerc1.png" /></a></div>
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Figure 2:
Test setup for the high pass filter.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Explain the operation. (video)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/qr4pVKxulqQ/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/qr4pVKxulqQ?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<o:p>Video 2: Operation of high pass filter</o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Fill out the following table by adding enough
(10-15 data points) frequency measurements. Vout is measured with the DMM, thus
it will be rms value. </b><br />
<br />
<br />
*For our Vin theoretical:
5.6 mV<o:p></o:p><br />
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<b>Data
Points<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Frequency (kHz)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Vout
(rms)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Vout
(rms) / Vin (rms)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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1<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.0 <o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.68 V</div>
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0.12 V</div>
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2<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.5 <o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.07 V</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.19 V</div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3<o:p></o:p></div>
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2.0 <o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.32 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.23 V</div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
2.5 <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.67 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.29 V</div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.93 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.34 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.5 <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
2.20 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.39 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
7<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4.0 <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
2.45 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.43 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
8<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4.5 <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
2.68 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.47 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
9<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5.0 <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
2,90 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.51 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
10<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5.5 <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.10 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.55 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
11<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6.0 </div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.28 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.58 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
12<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.45 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.61 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
13<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
7.0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.60 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.64 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
14<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
7.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.74 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.66 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
15<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
8.0 <o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3.86 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.68 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Draw Vout/Vin with respect to frequency using
Excel.</b><o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WMmbCRBoE-4/Vutu8MuLhGI/AAAAAAAAAdg/1QW2WKCyD6AxARXXVDg9SqTgjJJGSOoJA/s1600/high%2Bpass.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="238" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WMmbCRBoE-4/Vutu8MuLhGI/AAAAAAAAAdg/1QW2WKCyD6AxARXXVDg9SqTgjJJGSOoJA/s400/high%2Bpass.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Graph 1: High pass filter. Vout/Vin with respect to the frequency.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the cut off frequency by looking at the
plot in b?</b><o:p></o:p><br />
By looking at our plot, the cut off frequency is just about at 0.7 kHz<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br />
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b>6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Design the circuit in 4 to act as a low pass
filter and show its operation. Where would you put the speaker? </b><br />
<b><br /></b>
In the circuit, the speaker would be in parallel with the capacitor.<br />
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9nPtnBvYdRc/Vu3CiHNnwII/AAAAAAAAAeI/hdL6mESWj-gh2TCL-oOiWwq0TLIcUtnvg/s1600/RC-Filters-Low-Pass.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="135" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-9nPtnBvYdRc/Vu3CiHNnwII/AAAAAAAAAeI/hdL6mESWj-gh2TCL-oOiWwq0TLIcUtnvg/s320/RC-Filters-Low-Pass.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Figure 3: Low pass filter schematic. Vout represents the speaker</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br />
<br />
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Explain the operation. (video)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/HzfttMVl4eo/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HzfttMVl4eo?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
Video 3: Operation of low pass filter </div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Fill out the following table by adding enough
(10-15 data points) frequency measurements. Vout is measured with the DMM, thus
it will be rms value. </b><o:p></o:p><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
Vin = 5.6 V<o:p></o:p><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Data
Points<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Frequency<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Vout
(rms)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b> Vout
(rms) / Vin (rms)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.25pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 15.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1 </div>
</td><td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
100 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
89.3 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.25pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.016 </div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
2 </div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
200 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
294 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.052</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
3</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
300 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
280 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.05</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
400 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
120 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.021</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
500 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
55.25 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.0098</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
6</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
600 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
28 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.005</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
7</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
700 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
15 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.0027</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
8</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
800 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.80 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.00014</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
9</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
900 kHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.41 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.000072</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
10</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1 MHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.34 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.00006</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
11</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.1 MHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0.12 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
12</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.2 MHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
13</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.3 MHz </div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
14</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.4 MHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 68.35pt;" valign="top" width="91"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
15</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 96.95pt;" valign="top" width="129"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
1.5 MHz</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0 mV</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.15in;" valign="top" width="110"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
0</div>
</td>
</tr>
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<b>c. Draw Vout/Vin with respect to
frequency using Excel<o:p></o:p></b><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vX0U-31i9WY/VutuJNUyyPI/AAAAAAAAAdY/1u4lsk7cRowJHDD2__LhHgxzF84kel3rg/s1600/low.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-vX0U-31i9WY/VutuJNUyyPI/AAAAAAAAAdY/1u4lsk7cRowJHDD2__LhHgxzF84kel3rg/s400/low.jpg" style="cursor: move;" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Graph 2: Low Pass Filter. Vout/Vin with respect to the frequency</td></tr>
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<b>d. What is the cut off frequency
by looking at the plot in b?<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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The cut off frequency in the plot is at 0.05 kHz.<o:p></o:p><br />
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<b>6. Construct the
following circuit and test the speaker with headsets. Connect the amplifier
output directly to the headphone jack (without the potentiometer). Load is the
headphone jack in the schematic. “Speculate” the operation of the circuit with
a video.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GSw6oFHg2oM/Vu_aCo1z_TI/AAAAAAAAAeY/IRIflnGmSOsxn7j6P7tSvXGah2w-erRAw/s1600/speaker%2Bspec.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="155" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-GSw6oFHg2oM/Vu_aCo1z_TI/AAAAAAAAAeY/IRIflnGmSOsxn7j6P7tSvXGah2w-erRAw/s400/speaker%2Bspec.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<br /><iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/7WAhTihXkmY/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7WAhTihXkmY?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
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Video 4: Circuit speculation</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-46274457592375256812016-03-09T11:28:00.000-08:002016-03-13T19:43:39.898-07:00Week 8<br />
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<b>Rube Goldberg Take 2<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Draw and explain a Rube Goldberg design that will include
the following components:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<ul>
<li><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span>Digital</b></li>
<li><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span>Motor</b></li>
<li><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span>Relay</b></li>
<li><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span>Opamp</b></li>
<li><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "symbol";"> </span>Temperature sensor</b></li>
<li><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "symbol";"> </span>LED</b></li>
</ul>
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<b>The setup should be considered to last 30 seconds.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Make sure to include enough photos, videos, and explanations
for each “transition” or step. Explain your circuits. Put at least 2
issues/problems/struggles you faced during the project.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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For our Rube Goldberg, we decided on having a ball travel
downwards on a ramp until it hits the force sensor, thus activating the digital
display and LED lights (one green and the other white). The ball will start at the top, its path blocked by a small door. When we apply heat to the temperature sensor, the DC motor will start to
spin, thus opening the door so the ball can continue its path. At the end of the path, the ball will then drop onto a platform where the force
sensor is located in. The weight of the ball will activate enough force for
the digital display to count from 0 to 9 at 1 second per count. From there,
depending on what number is displayed, either the green or white light will
turn on. The LED lights depend on what number is being displayed. We used an OR
gate to implement this idea. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Step 1: Circuit Design</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KqaiyCxBM_s/VtdbOii19qI/AAAAAAAAAZ4/ughkI2Uyc2w/s1600/IMG_3169.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KqaiyCxBM_s/VtdbOii19qI/AAAAAAAAAZ4/ughkI2Uyc2w/s320/IMG_3169.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 1: Very basic schematic design of our project</i></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 3: Final breadboard layout ft force sensor platform</i></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 2: Sketch 2 of mechanical idea</i></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i> Image 4: Figuring out a way to have both LED lights turn on and off respectively</i></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 5: Building plan B of ramp</i></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 6: Force Sensor inside platform</i></td></tr>
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<b>Step 2: Operation of Circuit</b><br />
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<b style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Start: </b><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">We will place our marble/ball at the top of the ramp, which the path will be blocked by our door.</span><br />
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<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><b>Step 2a: Activating the DC Motor</b></span><br />
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We apply heat to the temperature sensor using a hair dryer. By doing this, the voltage of the temperature sensor will increase, thus activating the DC motor. The DC motor will then spin. We attached a simple string to the motor and the door. When the motor spins, it will pull the door out of the ramp, allowing the marble/ball to continue its path<br />
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<i>Video 1: Basic DC Motor Test</i></div>
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<i>Video 2: Test Run 1</i></div>
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<b>Step 2b: Activating the Force Sensor</b><br />
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At the end of the ramp, there's a hole allowing the marble/ball to drop into. Once it falls, the marble/ball will land on top of the force sensor. To make sure the ball doesn't roll off, we built a small platform to put the force sensor into, allowing the ball to stay on top of it. The weight of the ball will activate the force sensor<br />
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<i>Video 3: Force Sensor test</i></div>
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<b>Step 2c: Activating the Digital Display</b><br />
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Our digital display will turn on when the ball is on top of the force sensor.<br />
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<i>Video 4: Test Run 2</i></div>
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<i>Video 5: Test Run 3</i></div>
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<b>Step 2d: Activating the LED Lights</b><br />
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Once our digital display is on, the display will count from 0 to 9. Depending on which number it's on,either the green or white light will turn on. In this design, the green light will turn on first, starting from 0 to 4, and then the white light will turn on from 5 to 9.<br />
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<i>Video 6: Rube Goldberg explanation</i></div>
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<b>Issues and how we overcame them: </b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">We want each light to flash on and off like a
blinker. However, one light would stay on while the other light stays on.</span></li>
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<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Fixed our connections</span></li>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Added another opamp </span></li>
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<li><span style="font-family: "symbol"; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">We also had issues trying to get the motor to
spin when applying heat to the temperature sensor</span></li>
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<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">We had to add another relay </span></li>
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<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-stretch: normal;"><span style="font-family: "symbol";"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">For our ramp, we decided to not do a loop for
the ramp. We would’ve had to manipulate the cardboard and use smaller sections
in order to create a decent curvature for the loops, thus possibly taking up
more time than needed</span></li>
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<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">We decided to implement ramps, but instead have them stagger downwards</span></li>
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<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">The original idea of the door was a minor problem due to the design of the ramp and where the door sits in. Also, when the DC motor spins, the tension from pulling the door was also slowly weighing down our ramp, causing the ball to not roll forward once the door was opened. </span></li>
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<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">We ended up creating a different way to implement the door idea. </span></li>
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<i>Video 7: Our Rube Goldberg...almost</i></div>
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<i>Video 8: Presenting our Rube Goldberg, which failed</i></div>
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<b>Conclusion:</b><br />
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Unfortunately, our Rube Goldberg didn't work halfway through. We ran into some last minute issues before presenting, such as our force sensor not working anymore and the relay for the digital display not allowing the LED light to switch over when the counter is on 4. We noticed that when we don't apply the temperature sensor in the circuit and just by applying power to the motor, the circuit works just fine; the ball lands on the force sensor and the digital display is activated, causing the lights to turn on. However, when we do apply the temperature sensor, it seems like we're drawing in too much current somewhere. In one of the videos above, you can see where the lights and digital display are sporadically turning on and off and hearing a rapid clicking sound from the relays. We also were thinking that we may have fried out a part somewhere on our board from constantly applying heat. For example, our force sensor wasn't working at the end. Originally we thought that the platform for the sensor was sitting too low, possibly allowing the leads of the sensor to pop out of the breadboard just enough to not allow it to work. However, we adjusted the platform and was still getting the same outcome. If we were to do this again, we would've gone about doing our Rube Goldberg differently; maybe implement the temp sensor in a different way or create a completely different idea.<br />
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-50876342538989618132016-02-26T06:04:00.001-08:002016-02-28T13:23:48.949-08:00Week 7<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Blogsheet week 7<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Digital Circuits<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Force sensing resistor gives a resistance value
with respect to the force that is applied on it. Try different loads (Pinching,
squeezing with objects, etc.) and write down the resistance values. <span style="color: red;">(EXPLAIN with
TABLE)</span></b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p><i>Table 1: Resistance values with different loads</i></o:p></div>
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Load<o:p></o:p></div>
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Pinch with finger (lightly)<o:p></o:p></div>
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Pinch with finger (hard)<o:p></o:p></div>
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Nothing <o:p></o:p></div>
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Resistance<o:p></o:p></div>
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19 kΩ<o:p></o:p></div>
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0.15 kΩ<o:p></o:p></div>
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0L</div>
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<o:p> According to our chart, the more the load increases, the less resistance there is. </o:p><br />
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->7 Segment display:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Check the manual of 7 segment display. Pdf
document’s page 5 (or in the document page 4) circuit B is the one we have.
Connect pin 3 or pin 14 to 5 V. Connect a 330 Ω resistor to pin 1. Other end of
the resistor goes to ground. Which line lit up? Using package dimensions and
function for B (page 4 in pdf), explain the operation of the 7 segment display by
lighting up different segments. (<span style="color: red;">EXPLAIN with VIDEO</span>).</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><i>NOTE: For the duration of this week's experiment, we used 360Ω resistors<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span></i></b><br />
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<span style="font-style: italic; text-indent: -0.25in;">Video 1: Lighting up different segments on display</span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Using resistors for each segment, make the
display show 0 and 5. (<span style="color: red;">EXPLAIN with PHOTOs</span>)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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The light on the 7 segment display depends on where the resistors are connected. Each pin on the segment display represents a line, forming any number from 0 to 9. For example, when we set our first resistor in pin 3, the first light to show up on the display was on segment "a" (the top line). </div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JCqzHUcF5zo/VsubvRfY07I/AAAAAAAAAYo/b_yJtOfskcg/s1600/IMG_3118.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-JCqzHUcF5zo/VsubvRfY07I/AAAAAAAAAYo/b_yJtOfskcg/s400/IMG_3118.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 1: Segment displaying 5</i></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aRaEJVDKWcw/VsubxnZiPCI/AAAAAAAAAYs/vTcURGcj5Q0/s1600/FullSizeRender%2B%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="300" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aRaEJVDKWcw/VsubxnZiPCI/AAAAAAAAAYs/vTcURGcj5Q0/s400/FullSizeRender%2B%25282%2529.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 2: Segment displaying 0</i></td></tr>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Display driver (7447). This integrated circuit
(IC) is designed to drive 7 segment display through resistors. Check the data
sheet. A, B, C, and D are binary inputs. Pins 9 through 15 are outputs that go
to the display. Pin 8 is ground and pin 16 is 5 V. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->By connecting inputs either 0 V or 5 V, check
the output voltages of the driver. Explain how the inputs and outputs are
related. Provide two different input combinations. (<span style="color: red;">EXPLAIN with PHOTOs and TRUTH TABLE</span>)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><span style="color: red;">UPDATE!</span> You cannot actually measure the output
voltages directly (I challenge you to figure out why!). You need to connect an
LED and a resistor. LED’s positive terminal will go to 5 V. Negative terminal
will be connected to your outputs via a resistor. The circuit would look like
below:</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HTWzZ3R6aqM/VtDCHa5LnpI/AAAAAAAAAZU/q9bOCHlRjKE/s1600/asd.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HTWzZ3R6aqM/VtDCHa5LnpI/AAAAAAAAAZU/q9bOCHlRjKE/s320/asd.jpg" width="238" /></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: start;">You can't directly measure the output voltage because the 7 segment display is a ground seeking circuit. The driver doesn't send voltage to the display; it provides multiple paths to ground.</span></div>
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<i>Truth Table 1: Corresponding inputs and outputs. Highlighted presents the displays we will show in the video below</i><br />
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<b>Inputs<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>BCD Outputs <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b> Display <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>A<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>B<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>C<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>D<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>a<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>b<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>c<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>d<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>e<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>f<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>g<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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0<o:p></o:p></div>
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0<o:p></o:p></div>
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0<o:p></o:p></div>
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0<o:p></o:p></div>
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1<o:p></o:p></div>
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1<o:p></o:p></div>
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1<o:p></o:p></div>
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1<o:p></o:p></div>
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1<o:p></o:p></div>
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1<o:p></o:p></div>
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0<o:p></o:p></div>
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0<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="background: yellow;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: yellow;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: yellow;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: yellow;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: yellow;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: yellow;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: yellow;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: yellow;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: yellow;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: yellow;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
4<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
6<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
7<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">1<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<span style="background: yellow;">8<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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0<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
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9<o:p></o:p></div>
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</tbody></table>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Connect the display driver to the 7 segment
display. 330 Ω resistors need to be used between the display driver outputs and
the display (a total of 7 resistors). Verify your question 3a outputs with
those input combinations. (<span style="color: red;">EXPLAIN with VIDEO</span>)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Ys584nTO1YE/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ys584nTO1YE?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Video 2: Showing outputs 8 and 1 on circuit</i></div>
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->555 Timer:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Construct the circuit in Fig. 14 of the 555
timer data sheet. V<sub>CC</sub> = 5V. No R<sub>L</sub> (no connection to pin
3). R<sub>A</sub> = 150 kΩ, R<sub>B</sub> = 300 kΩ, and C = 1 µF (smaller sized
capacitor). 0.01 µF capacitor is somewhat larger in size. Observe your output voltage
at pin 3 by oscilloscope. (<span style="color: red;">Breadboard and Oscilloscope PHOTOs</span>)</b><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TmflrO2kOsk/Vs97DwGhBQI/AAAAAAAAAZA/tuj3L_rNVlc/s1600/IMG_3126.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-TmflrO2kOsk/Vs97DwGhBQI/AAAAAAAAAZA/tuj3L_rNVlc/s320/IMG_3126.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Image 3: Breadboard set up</i></div>
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<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ASZ-NFjEPkM/Vs97Bz4Oy8I/AAAAAAAAAY8/VU3NJJ26nks/s1600/IMG_3127.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ASZ-NFjEPkM/Vs97Bz4Oy8I/AAAAAAAAAY8/VU3NJJ26nks/s320/IMG_3127.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Image 4: Oscilloscope reading </i><br />
<i>Note: We tried adjusting our reading, however it wouldn't change</i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Does your frequency and duty cycle match with
the theoretical value? Explain your work.</b><br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> According to the oscilloscope, our output voltage at pin 3 is 2 V.</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> The measured duty cycle was 0.50 s while our theoretical value was 0.52 s</span></li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> The measured frequency was about 2 kHz while our theoretical value was 1.9 kHz</span></li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
According to our findings, the frequency and duty cycle values do match with the theoretical values.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;"><br /></li>
</ul>
<br />
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Connect the force sensing resistor in series
with R<sub>A</sub>. How can you make the circuit give an output? Can the
frequency of the output be modified with the force sensing resistor? (<span style="color: red;">Explain with VIDEO</span>)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/5UUHmVyuY2I/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/5UUHmVyuY2I?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Video 3: Force sensing resistor output</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Binary coded decimal (BCD) counter (74192). This
circuit generates a 4-bit counter. With every clock change, output increases;
0000, 0001, 0010, …, 0111, 1000, 1001. But after 1001 (which is decimal 9), it
goes back to 0000. That way, in decimal, it counts from 0 to 9. Outputs of
74192 are labelled as Q<sub>A</sub> (Least significant bit), Q<sub>B</sub>, Q<sub>C</sub>,
and Q<sub>D</sub> (Most significant bit) in the data sheet (decimal counter,
74192). Use the following connections: <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>5 V: pins 4, 11, 16. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>0 V (ground): pins 8, 14.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b>10 µF capacitor between 5 V and ground.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: .75in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Connect your 555 timer output to pin 5 of 74192.
Observe the input and each output on the oscilloscope. (<span style="color: red;">EXPLAIN with VIDEO and TRUTH TABLE</span>)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i>Truth Table 2</i><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 256px;">
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<b>Q<sub>D</sub><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Q<sub>C</sub><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Q<sub>B</sub><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Q<sub>A</sub><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
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1<o:p></o:p></div>
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0<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/JQoMNnDCz9s/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/JQoMNnDCz9s?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Video 4: Explanation of truth table</i></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/cpYuZNMdEKI/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cpYuZNMdEKI?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<i>Video 5: Short video of output of QC</i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->7486 (XOR gate). Pin diagram of the circuit is
given in the logic gates pin diagram pdf file. Ground pin is 7. Pin 14 will be
connected to 5 V. There are 4 XOR gates. Pins are numbered. Connect a 330 Ω
resistor at the output of one of the XOR gates. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Put an LED in series to the resistor. Negative
end of the LED (shorter wire) should be connected to the ground. By choosing
different input combinations (DC 0V and DC 5 V), prove XOR operation through
LED. (<span style="color: red;">EXPLAIN
with VIDEO</span>)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<i>Video 6: Different input combinations with XOR gate</i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Connect XOR’s inputs to the BCD counters C and D
outputs. Explain your observation. (<span style="color: red;">EXPLAIN with VIDEO</span>)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<i>Video 7: C and D outputs</i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->For 6b, draw the following signals together: 555
timer (clock), A, B, C, and D outputs of 74192, and the XOR output. (<span style="color: red;">EXPLAIN with VIDEO</span>)\<o:p></o:p></b><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/owPPFJc0CVU/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/owPPFJc0CVU?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<i>Video 8: Signals of the 555 timer</i></div>
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<i>(Sorry that it's sideways; it wouldn't flip orientation)</i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Connect the entire circuit: Force sensing
resistor triggers the 555 timer. 555 timer’s output is used as clock for the
counter. Counter is then connected to the driver (Counter’s A, B, C, D to
driver’s A, B, C, D). Driver is connected to the display through resistors. XOR
gate is connected to the counter’s C and D inputs as well and an LED with a
resistor is connected to the XOR output. Draw the circuit schematic. (<span style="color: red;">VIDEO and PHOTO</span>)</b><o:p></o:p><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8gmljYW9G5I/VtELfNsitEI/AAAAAAAAAZo/cBsK5invRMA/s1600/IMG_3146.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-8gmljYW9G5I/VtELfNsitEI/AAAAAAAAAZo/cBsK5invRMA/s320/IMG_3146.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
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<i>Image 5: Our entire circuit</i></div>
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<i>Video 9: Simplified circuit schematic of our circuit</i></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Using other logic gates provided (AND and OR),
come up with a different LED lighting scheme. (<span style="color: red;">EXPLAIN with VIDEO</span>)<o:p></o:p></b><br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/G-_Tmn_TDNM/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/G-_Tmn_TDNM?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<i>Video 10: Using the OR gate </i></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-84270012300507665792016-02-19T08:51:00.001-08:002016-02-22T19:04:02.912-08:00Week 6<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 18.4px; margin-bottom: 10pt;">
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<b>Blogsheet week 6<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Operational Amplifiers<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Explanations of the pin numbers are below:<o:p></o:p></div>
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1: DO NOT USE<o:p></o:p></div>
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8: DO NOT USE<o:p></o:p></div>
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2: Negative input<o:p></o:p></div>
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7: +10V<o:p></o:p></div>
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3: Positive input<o:p></o:p></div>
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6: output<o:p></o:p></div>
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4: -10 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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5: DO NOT USE<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Q2hgWqyRRA4/VsHK1ZVWjiI/AAAAAAAAAXM/LPsF7-xoOos/s1600/invert.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="89" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Q2hgWqyRRA4/VsHK1ZVWjiI/AAAAAAAAAXM/LPsF7-xoOos/s320/invert.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>1. You will use the OPAMP in “open-loop” configuration in
this part, where input signals will be applied directly to the pins 2 and 3. <o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Apply 0 V to the inverting input. Sweep the
non-inverting input (V<sub>in</sub>) from -10 V to 10 V with 1 V steps. Take
more steps around 0 V (both positive and negative). Create a table for V<sub>in</sub>
and V<sub>out</sub>. Plot the data (V<sub>out</sub> vs Vi<sub>n</sub>). Discuss
your results. What would be the ideal plot?<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b> </b><i>Table 1 Graph 1: Inverting graph in open loop</i></div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Yoz9jU-kPbQ/VsolvYUTIII/AAAAAAAAAX0/3b8TWi80f6U/s1600/inverting.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="241" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Yoz9jU-kPbQ/VsolvYUTIII/AAAAAAAAAX0/3b8TWi80f6U/s400/inverting.png" width="400" /></a><br />
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<b>Vin (V)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Vout (V)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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-5<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
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-4<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-2<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-1<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-0.5<o:p></o:p></div>
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4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
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0<o:p></o:p></div>
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0<o:p></o:p></div>
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0.5<o:p></o:p></div>
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-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
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1<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
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2<o:p></o:p></div>
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-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
3<o:p></o:p></div>
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-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
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</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 128px;">
<colgroup><col span="2" style="width: 48pt;" width="64"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr height="20" style="height: 15.0pt;">
<td class="xl65" height="20" style="height: 15.0pt; width: 48pt;" width="64"><br /></td><td class="xl65" style="border-left: none; width: 48pt;" width="64"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
In our graph, the slope of the plot should be close to 0. As shown above, the slope of our graph should've been closer to 0, but the outcome of what we have shown in the graph may be from the lack of more data between 0 and +/- 1 V. However, Vout flattens out at 4.68 V at -5V and -3.77 V at 5 V. This occurs because the output can only go so high/low, thus flattening out at the maximum/minimum values. This may also be because of the type of equipment we use. Since it is an inverting input, our output should be the opposite of our input, which our chart clearly shows.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<br />
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Apply 0 V to the non-inverting input. Sweep the
inverting input (V<sub>in</sub>) from -10 V to 10 V with 1 V steps. Take more
steps around 0 V (both positive and negative). Create a table for V<sub>in</sub>
and V<sub>out</sub>. Plot the data (V<sub>out</sub> vs Vi<sub>n</sub>). Discuss
your results. What would be the ideal plot?<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i>Table 2: Graph 2: Non-inverting graph in open loop</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-asyD_Njk-0o/VsomInq28mI/AAAAAAAAAX4/A42jqeuT1JU/s1600/noninverting.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="232" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-asyD_Njk-0o/VsomInq28mI/AAAAAAAAAX4/A42jqeuT1JU/s400/noninverting.png" width="400" /></a><br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: -.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 128px;">
<tbody>
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<td nowrap="" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Vin (V)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Vout (V)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-4<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-0.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
0.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Our plot should be similar to the plot above, however the output will be positive and negative respective to the input because the input is non-inverting. The slope should've been closer to 0 also. As shown in our table, when Vin is negative, Vout will also be negative, and same for when Vin is positive.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Create
a non-inverting amplifier. (R<sub>2</sub> = 2 kΩ, R<sub>1</sub> = 1 kΩ). Sweep
V<sub>in</sub> from -10 V to 10 V with 1 V steps. Create a table for V<sub>in</sub>
and V<sub>out</sub>. Plot the measured and calculated data together. <o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<i>Table 3: Graph 3:Non-inverting with resistor values</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HV2IIgNQdDc/VspWauQvVYI/AAAAAAAAAYQ/VPLyTX6wmAo/s1600/inverting%2B2.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="251" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HV2IIgNQdDc/VspWauQvVYI/AAAAAAAAAYQ/VPLyTX6wmAo/s400/inverting%2B2.png" width="400" /></a><br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: -.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 136px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Vin (V)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Vout (V)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-4<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-0.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.77<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
0.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.68<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
In our table, Vout are positive and negative respectively since it's non-inverting. When Vin is negative, Vout will also be negative; when Vin is positive, Vout is positive.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Create
an inverting amplifier. (R<sub>f</sub> = 2 kΩ, R<sub>in</sub> = 1 kΩ). Sweep V<sub>in</sub>
from -10 V to 10 V with 1 V steps. Create a table for V<sub>in</sub> and V<sub>out</sub>.
Plot the measured and calculated data together.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<i>Table 4: Graph 4: Inverting with resistor values</i></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DODtO-Htsvc/VspWHAL0fWI/AAAAAAAAAYM/5y0onBj_L8U/s1600/inverting%2B2.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="247" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DODtO-Htsvc/VspWHAL0fWI/AAAAAAAAAYM/5y0onBj_L8U/s400/inverting%2B2.png" width="400" /></a><br />
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: -.25pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; width: 136px;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td nowrap="" style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Vin (V)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Vout (V)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.13<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-4<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.13<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.13<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4.13<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
2.91<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-0.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-1.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
0<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
0.8 mV<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
0.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-2.91<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
1<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
2<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 11;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
3<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 12;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
4<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 15.0pt; mso-yfti-irow: 13; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td nowrap="" style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 48.0pt;" valign="bottom" width="64"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td nowrap="" style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 15.0pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 54.3pt;" valign="bottom" width="72"><div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
-3.5<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br />
When Vin is negative, Vout is positive; when Vin is positive, Vout is negative. This is because it's inverting. </div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNoSpacing" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->Explain
how an OPAMP works. How come is the gain of the OPAMP in the open loop
configuration too high but inverting/non-inverting amplifier configurations
provide such a small gain?<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
An OPAMP works by amplifying the input voltage, but it can’t
exceed the +/- 5 voltage source. It levels out at a certain point. The
resistors affects the gain in the inverting/non-inverting amplifier while in the open loop, it doesn’t affect the gain. Since open loop is infinite, the gain will be much higher.<o:p></o:p></div>
<b><br /></b><b><br /></b>
<b>5.</b><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: .25in; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b><i><u>Temperature Sensor</u>:</i> Put TMP36
temp sensor on breadboard.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Connect the +V<sub>S</sub> to 5 volts and GND to
ground.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b><span style="font-family: "symbol"; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: "times new roman"; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span><!--[endif]-->Using a voltage meter, measure the output
voltage from the V<sub>OUT</sub>. Now put your finger (or cover the sensor with
your palm) on the TMP36 temperature sensor for a while, observing how the
output voltage changes. Check Fig. 6 in the data sheet (<span style="color: red;">EXPLAIN</span>).<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</div>
<br />
<b>6.</b> <b><span style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Connect your DC power supply to pin 2 and ground
pin 5. Set your power supply to 0V. Switch your multimeter to measure the
resistance mode; use your multimeter to measure the resistance between pin 4
and pin 1. Do the same measurement between pin 3 and pin 1. Explain your
findings (</span><span style="color: red; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">EXPLAIN</span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">). </span></b><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<br />
<ul>
<li><span style="line-height: 115%;">The resistance
between pin 4 and pin 1 is 0.35 </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Ω</span><span style="line-height: 115%;">, so basically 0 </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Ω </span><span style="line-height: 115%;">because voltage is
set at 0 V and pin1 and 4 are normally closed.</span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 115%;">The resistance
between pin 3 and pin 1 is infinite, because pin 1 and 3 are normally open.</span></li>
</ul>
<br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<br /></div>
<b>7. <span style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Now sweep your DC power supply from 0V to 8V and
back to 0V. What do you observe at the multimeter (resistance measurements
similar to #1)? Did you hear a clicking sound? How many times? What is the
“threshold voltage values” that cause the “switching?” (</span><span style="color: red; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">EXPLAIN with a VIDEO</span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">).</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/0rEZziOIjNU/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0rEZziOIjNU?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Video 1: Sweeping DC power supply to cause clicking sound</i></div>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b>8. <span style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">How does the relay work? Apply a separate DC
voltage of 5 V to pin 1. Check the voltage value of pin 3 and pin 4 (each with
respect to ground) while switching the relay (</span><span style="color: red; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">EXPLAIN
with a VIDEO</span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">).</span></b><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/2nR3nPn6orM/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/2nR3nPn6orM?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Video 2: Explanation of relay with basic drawings </i></div>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
<i><b>LED + Relay<o:p></o:p></b></i></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Connect positive end of the LED diode to the pin
3 of the relay and negative end to a 100 ohm resistor. Ground the other end of
the resistor. Negative end of the diode will be the shorter wire.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Apply 3 V to pin 1<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Turn LED on/off by switching the relay. Explain
your results in the video. Draw the
circuit schematic (<span style="color: red;">VIDEO</span>)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div style="line-height: 115%;">
<b><br /></b>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/YGJ8UmnA0xI/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YGJ8UmnA0xI?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 18.4px;"><i>Video 3: Explanation of turning the LED on/off with relay</i></span></div>
<b style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></b><b style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></b>
<b style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<b><i><u>Operational
Amplifier (data sheet under Bb/week 6)</u></i><o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Connect the power supplies to the op-amp (+10V
and -10V). Show the operation of LM 124 operational amplifier in DC mode with a
non-inverting amplifier configuration. Choose any opamp in the IC. Method: Use
several R1 and R2 configurations and change your input voltage and record your
output voltage. (<span style="color: red;">EXPLAIN with a TABLE</span>)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
R1: 1.2 <span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">kΩ</span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;"> R2: 2 </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">kΩ</span><br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 17.95pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 17.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.75pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>V<sub>in<o:p></o:p></sub></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 17.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.75pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
0 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 17.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 17.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 17.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 17.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
8 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 17.95pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
10V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 27.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.75pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>V<sub>out<o:p></o:p></sub></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.75pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
79 mV<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
5.7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
9.1 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
9.1 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
9.1 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 27.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
9.1 V</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt;">
R1: 47 <span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ω</span><span style="line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;"> R2: 357 </span><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ω</span></div>
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<td style="border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.75pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
<b>V<sub>in<o:p></o:p></sub></b></div>
</td>
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0 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid black 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
8 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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10 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>V<sub>out<o:p></o:p></sub></b></div>
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0 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
8.5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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8.5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
8.5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid black 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid black 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: text1; mso-border-left-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-left-themecolor: text1; mso-border-right-themecolor: text1; mso-border-themecolor: text1; mso-border-top-alt: solid black .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: text1; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 66.8pt;" valign="top" width="89"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; text-align: center;">
8.5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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8.5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
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<br />
<br />
When using the same Vin values, our Vout values are different when using different resistor values.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Use your temperature sensor as your input. Do
you think you can generate enough voltage to trigger the relay? (<span style="color: red;">EXPLAIN</span>)</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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Yes, you can
generate enough voltage to trigger the relay. The heat applied to the
temperature sensor increases the output voltage, causing the relay to trigger. Without heat, the voltage at first is low, starting around 1.6 V, but when we applied heat from the hair dryer, the voltage began to increase drastically. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Design a system where LED light turns on when
you heat up the temperature sensor. (<span style="color: red;">CIRCUIT schematic
and explanation in a VIDEO</span>)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-bottom: 10pt; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; line-height: 115%; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Oig8qtGWgt0/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Oig8qtGWgt0?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="line-height: 18.4px;"><i>Video 4: Schematic of the system and explanation</i></span></div>
<b style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></b>
<b style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></b><b style="line-height: 115%;"><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]--><u><span style="color: red;">BONUS!</span></u> Show the operation of the entire
circuit. (<span style="color: red;">VIDEO</span>)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/NpAJW5LrHao/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/NpAJW5LrHao?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>Video 5: Run through of our circuit</i></div>
</div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-5943619188758291632016-02-11T19:37:00.001-08:002016-02-17T09:44:50.887-08:00Week 5<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<b>Blog sheet week 5<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Functional check: Oscilloscope manual page 5.
Perform the functional check (photo).</h4>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<o:p> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pyyHqTmCfEo/VrouCK3afZI/AAAAAAAAAVY/lHZX9xLCSGw/s1600/IMG_3032.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pyyHqTmCfEo/VrouCK3afZI/AAAAAAAAAVY/lHZX9xLCSGw/s320/IMG_3032.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 1: Functional check on oscilloscope</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-U49UsGbwz4g/Vrouwzqj4hI/AAAAAAAAAVc/k6auZh5Jz9I/s1600/IMG_3034.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-U49UsGbwz4g/Vrouwzqj4hI/AAAAAAAAAVc/k6auZh5Jz9I/s320/IMG_3034.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 2: Square wave in display of 5V at 1 kHz.<br />Note: Wave in picture was moving, hence the odd overlapping look</i></td></tr>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Perform manual probe compensation (Oscilloscope
manual page 8) (Photo of overcompensation and proper compensation).</h4>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
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<o:p> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UCG58pmeUuM/Vroxh1oQvfI/AAAAAAAAAVw/8BEdhqajPmY/s1600/IMG_3040.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-UCG58pmeUuM/Vroxh1oQvfI/AAAAAAAAAVw/8BEdhqajPmY/s320/IMG_3040.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 3: Proper compensation</i></td></tr>
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</o:p></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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</div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rDPwsSOxPQU/Vr1UteLLoJI/AAAAAAAAAW8/KyigMbtPzrU/s1600/IMG_3046.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rDPwsSOxPQU/Vr1UteLLoJI/AAAAAAAAAW8/KyigMbtPzrU/s320/IMG_3046.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 4: Overcompensation</i></td></tr>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What does probe attenuation (1x vs 10x) do
(Oscilloscope manual page 9)?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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Probe attenuation affects the
vertical scale of the signal. When set to 1X, the probe limits the bandwidth of
the oscilloscope to 7 MHz, while the 10X allows the probe to use the full
bandwidth of the oscilloscope.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How do vertical and horizontal controls work?
Why would you need it (Oscilloscope manual pages 34-35)?</h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<ul>
<li>The vertical controls shifts the wave up or down </li>
<li>The horizontal controls shifts the wave to left or right</li>
</ul>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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We need these controls because it adjusts the waveform to what you want. The vertical controls allows you to see the whole wave while the horizontal controls allows you to fixate on a certain section, making it easier to measure one period. You can adjust the functions to give you more than one wave at a time. They can overlap each other or have one wave sit below or above the other wave for comparison.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Generate a 1 kHz, 1 Vpp around a DC 2 V from the
function generator (use the output connector). DO NOT USE oscilloscope probes for the function generator. There is
a separate BNC cable for the function generator.<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Connect this to the oscilloscope and verify the
input signal using the horizontal and vertical readings (photo).<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Figure out how to measure the signal properties
using menu buttons on the scope.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p>a. </o:p><br />
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</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ggX4yDuKzh8/Vrs09_DYhOI/AAAAAAAAAWk/TtGOgsPxZug/s1600/IMG_3050.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ggX4yDuKzh8/Vrs09_DYhOI/AAAAAAAAAWk/TtGOgsPxZug/s320/IMG_3050.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 5: Our signal with 1 kHz and 1 Vpp around DC 2V</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o7QVEXrKtUM/Vrs0k872K2I/AAAAAAAAAWg/dNJYPUAuP2k/s1600/IMG_3049.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-o7QVEXrKtUM/Vrs0k872K2I/AAAAAAAAAWg/dNJYPUAuP2k/s320/IMG_3049.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 6: Amplitude is reading at 0.5 V</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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b. When measuring the signal properties, you press Measure, source CH 1, and then press Type to cycle through the properties and find what you want</div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Connect function generator and oscilloscope
probes switched (red to black, black to red). What happens? Why?</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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When we did this, we don't get a signal. This occurs because each probe that is grounded is being connected to the other probes, thus grounding the signal. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9ABh3Bvpnp8/Vroy2s4_j_I/AAAAAAAAAWA/K0WGvCitj3I/s1600/IMG_3059.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-9ABh3Bvpnp8/Vroy2s4_j_I/AAAAAAAAAWA/K0WGvCitj3I/s320/IMG_3059.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 7: Oscilloscope showing our finding</i> </td></tr>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->After calibrating the second probe, implement the
voltage divider circuit below. Measure the following voltages using the
Oscilloscope and comment on your results:</b><o:p></o:p><br />
<b><br /></b>
We used an amplitude of 0.5 V and an offset of 0.25 V.</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mJSxtQlNyZo/VrosFM18fXI/AAAAAAAAAVA/V1N6vautF8w/s1600/5.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-mJSxtQlNyZo/VrosFM18fXI/AAAAAAAAAVA/V1N6vautF8w/s1600/5.png" /></a><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->V<sub>a</sub> and V<sub>b</sub> at the same time
(Photo)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Voltage across R<sub>4</sub>.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<o:p>a.) </o:p></div>
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<o:p> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rs0zTgKoTr0/Vro1rcNkuWI/AAAAAAAAAWM/aV97onArhiI/s1600/IMG_3064.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rs0zTgKoTr0/Vro1rcNkuWI/AAAAAAAAAWM/aV97onArhiI/s320/IMG_3064.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 8: Two waves at the same time</i></td></tr>
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</o:p></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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b.) For our resistors, we couldn’t find two extra 1k, so we
had use two 820 <span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">Ω</span> resistors. We measured the voltage across R4 to be 233 mV-118mV = 115 mV<br />
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->For the same circuit above, measure V<sub>a</sub>
and V<sub>b</sub> using the handheld DMM both in AC and DC mode. What are your
findings? Explain.</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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In AC: <o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Va<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Vb</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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111.7 mV<o:p></o:p></div>
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224.4 mV<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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In DC:<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Va<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>Vb</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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15.9 mV<o:p></o:p></div>
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31.8 mV<o:p></o:p></div>
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For AC, we applied 0.5 V peak to peak, seeing that the maximum applied voltage of AV is 0.25 V. For DC, the voltage should've been split evenly among the two resistors because they have the same resistance. </div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->For the circuit below</b></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Calculate R so given voltage values are
satisfied. Explain your work (video)<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Construct the circuit and measure the values
with the DMM and oscilloscope (video). Hint: 1kΩ cannot be probed directly by
the scope. But R6 and R7 are in series and it does not matter which one is
connected to the function generator. </b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-316P7m7LtV0/VrosQcFZhnI/AAAAAAAAAVE/Yujsaw2VcNY/s1600/ac.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-316P7m7LtV0/VrosQcFZhnI/AAAAAAAAAVE/Yujsaw2VcNY/s1600/ac.png" /></a><o:p> </o:p></div>
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<br />
a.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/kwF0ZB9FCIM/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kwF0ZB9FCIM?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Video 1: Calculating R</i></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p>
<o:p>b.</o:p><br />
<o:p><br /></o:p>
<br />
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Video 2: Measuring with the DMM and Oscilloscope</i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<i><br /></i></div>
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<b>10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span>Operational amplifier basics: Construct the following circuits using the pin diagram of the opamp. The half circle on top of the pin diagram corresponds to the notch on the integrated circuit (IC). Explanations of the pin numbers are below:</b><o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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1: DO NOT USE<o:p></o:p></div>
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8: DO NOT USE<o:p></o:p></div>
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2: Negative input<o:p></o:p></div>
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7: +10V<o:p></o:p></div>
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3: Positive input<o:p></o:p></div>
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6: output<o:p></o:p></div>
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4: -10 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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5: DO NOT USE<o:p></o:p></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Inverting amplifier: R<sub>in</sub> = 1kΩ, R<sub>f</sub>
= 5kΩ (do not forget -10 V and +10
V). Apply 1 V<sub>pp</sub> @ 1kHz. Observe input and output at the same time.
What happens if you slowly increase the input voltage up to 5 V? Explain your
findings. (Video)<o:p></o:p></b><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ppxqQsBo2WI/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ppxqQsBo2WI?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Video 3: Inverting Amplifier</i></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b><i><br /></i></b></div>
</div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><b>b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Non-inverting amplifier: R<sub>1</sub> = 1kΩ, R<sub>2</sub>
= 5kΩ (do not forget -10 V and +10
V). Apply 1 V<sub>pp</sub> @ 1kHz. Observe input and output at the same time.
What happens if you slowly increase the input voltage up to 5 V? Explain your
findings. (Video)</b><o:p></o:p><br />
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
<b><br /></b>
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<i>Video 4: Non-inverting Amplifier</i></div>
</div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-64842544779938666162016-02-04T16:51:00.004-08:002016-02-08T04:26:01.785-08:00Week 4<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Blog sheet week 4</b></div>
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<h4>
1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->(Table and graph) Use the transistor by itself.
The goal is to create the graph for I<sub>C</sub> (y axis) versus V<sub>BE</sub>
(x axis). Connect base and collector. Use 10K potentiometer to generate the
voltage. Use 5 V but <b>DO NOT EXCEED 1 V
for V<sub>BE</sub></b>. Make sure you have the required voltage value set
before applying it to the base. Transistor might get really hot. <b>Do not TOUCH THE TRANSISTOR</b>! Make sure
to get enough data points to graph. (Suggestion: measure for V<sub>BE</sub> =
0V, 0.5V, and 1V and fill the gaps if necessary by taking extra measurements).
The circuit should look like below:</h4>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kZpzE_YXsWY/VrPvq-uMbhI/AAAAAAAAAUQ/t36kZ_3IWYI/s1600/circuit%2B2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-kZpzE_YXsWY/VrPvq-uMbhI/AAAAAAAAAUQ/t36kZ_3IWYI/s320/circuit%2B2.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<br />
According to our table, our
graph will be an exponential relationship between I<sub>c </sub>and V<sub>BE</sub>.
I<sub>c</sub> is determined by the value of V<sub>BE </sub></div>
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<sub><br /></sub></div>
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<i>Table 1: Relationship between VBE and IC</i><o:p></o:p></div>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 10.75pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 10.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">V<sub>BE</sub><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 10.75pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">I</span></b><sub><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">C</span></sub><b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0.0004 mA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0.23V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0.0005 mA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0.5V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0.0008 mA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0.6V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0.036 mA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0.62V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0.07 mA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0.81V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">13.42 mA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<i>Graph:</i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HeHcURyYIxA/VreqJdf4uVI/AAAAAAAAAUo/xy_H0OnMpqk/s1600/IMG_3023.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-HeHcURyYIxA/VreqJdf4uVI/AAAAAAAAAUo/xy_H0OnMpqk/s320/IMG_3023.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Graph 1: <span style="font-size: small; text-align: start;"> I</span><sub style="text-align: start;">c </sub></i><span style="font-size: small; text-align: start;">vs</span><i style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: start;"> V</span><sub style="text-align: start;">BE </sub></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->(Table and graph) Create the graph for I<sub>C</sub>
(y axis) versus V<sub>CE</sub> (x axis). Vary VCE from 0 V to 5 V. Do this
measurement for 3 different VBE values: 0V, 0.7V, and 0.8V. The circuit should
look like below:</h4>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lhBLyORQv7g/VrPv5KDr_AI/AAAAAAAAAUU/1-MeArU1VEQ/s1600/circuit%2B3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="142" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lhBLyORQv7g/VrPv5KDr_AI/AAAAAAAAAUU/1-MeArU1VEQ/s320/circuit%2B3.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br />
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=361164859810793603" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=361164859810793603" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=361164859810793603" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a> According to our table, the
relationship between Ic and <span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">V</span><sub style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">BE</sub> stays the same. However, with <span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">V</span><sub style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">CE</sub> involved, it
doesn’t affect the outcome of Ic. Instead of an exponential line, the result
contains multiple horizontal lines.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<i>Table 2: Relationship between <span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">V</span><sub style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">BE</sub> and Ic with <span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">V</span><sub style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;">CE</sub></i></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">V<sub>CE</sub><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">V<sub>BE</sub><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">I<sub>c</sub><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0 mA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0.2V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=361164859810793603" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0 mA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0.7V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">22.2 mA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.25pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.75in;" valign="top" width="168"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">0.8V<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 1.5in;" valign="top" width="144"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">35.6 mA<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<i>Graph:</i><br />
<div>
<i><br /></i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-p_8QtyAGLCo/VreqNfPFYhI/AAAAAAAAAUs/uT33mdo48yg/s1600/IMG_3025.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-p_8QtyAGLCo/VreqNfPFYhI/AAAAAAAAAUs/uT33mdo48yg/s320/IMG_3025.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: start;">Graph 2: I</span><sub style="text-align: start;">c </sub></i><span style="font-size: small; text-align: start;">vs</span><i style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: start;"> </span></i><span style="font-size: small; text-align: start;"> </span><i><span style="font-family: "calibri" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 16.8667px;">V</span><sub style="font-family: calibri, sans-serif; line-height: 15.3333px; text-align: start;">CE</sub></i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; page-break-after: avoid; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=361164859810793603" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=361164859810793603" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=361164859810793603" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>
3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span><!--[endif]-->(Table)
Apply the following bias voltages and fill out the table. How is I<sub>C</sub>
and I<sub>B</sub> related? Does your data support your theory?</h4>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; page-break-after: avoid; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">a</span></h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in; page-break-after: avoid;">
<i>Table 3: Relationship between IC and IB with VCE and VBE</i></div>
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">V<sub>BE</sub></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">V<sub>CE</sub></span></b></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">I<sub>c</sub></span></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>IB<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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0.7 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
38.1 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
0.037 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
0.75 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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49.1 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=361164859810793603" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=361164859810793603" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=361164859810793603" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>0.655 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
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0.8 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.85pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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49.2 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 116.9pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
1.47 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
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I<sub>c</sub> and I<sub>B</sub> are related by being a ratio equally to current gain, where current gained doesn't change if the voltage value changes. It was a little difficult trying to read the current measurements because the readings were jumping all over the place. Our data for the most part supports our theory since our values for Ic were fairly close.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">I</span><sub style="line-height: 115%;">C</sub><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">/I</span><sub style="line-height: 115%;">B</sub><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">= β</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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</div>
<br />
<h4>
4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span>(Table) Explain photocell outputs with different
light settings. Create a table for the light conditions and photocell
resistance.</h4>
</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<i>Table 4: Different light sources with photocell resistance</i><o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Light Setting<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Photocell Resistance<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
No light</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
17.1 kΩ<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Room light<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2.5 kΩ<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.25pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
Flashlight (iPhone)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 121.5pt;" valign="top" width="162"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
40 Ω<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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As you can see, the darker it is, the more resistance there is of the photocell.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
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<h4>
5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->(Table) Apply voltage (0 to 5 V with 1 V steps)
to DC motor directly and measure the current using the DMM. </h4>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<i> Table 5: Different voltages applied to the DC motor with current measurements</i></div>
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<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Voltage Applied<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b>DC Motor Current<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
0 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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0 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
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1 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
26 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
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2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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31.2 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
3 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
34.4 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
4 V<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
37.3 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
5 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
39 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
According to our table, the higher the voltage, the higher the DC motor current. This supports Ohm's Law, where voltage and current are directly related.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<h4>
6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Apply 2 V to the DC motor and measure the
current. Repeat this by increasing the load on the DC motor. Slightly pinching
the shaft would do the trick. </h4>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<i>Table 6: Same voltage is applied to the DC motor, but the second measurement has an increased load on the motor</i></div>
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Voltage<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Current Measured<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
30.1 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
2 V (pinched)<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
57.5 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
When the motor was pinched, the current measurement increased; the amount of pressure on the motor determines how much current there is. If you were to slightly pinch it, there shouldn't be that much of a change of the current value. Pinching the motor harder would cause the motor to have a greater amount of current flowing through it than the 57.5 mA we've measured above.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->(Video) Create the circuit below (same circuit
from week 1). Explain the operation in detail.</h4>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<v:imagedata src="file:///C:\Users\Amanda\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image009.wmz"
o:title=""/>
</v:shape><![endif]--><!--[if !vml]--><!--[endif]--><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u6d2PJQtg4s/VrICNIHiqFI/AAAAAAAAAT8/sl3Rsm44Wyw/s1600/circuit%2B1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="270" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u6d2PJQtg4s/VrICNIHiqFI/AAAAAAAAAT8/sl3Rsm44Wyw/s320/circuit%2B1.png" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/TRx_z6iyZMw/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TRx_z6iyZMw?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<i>Video 1: Operation of the circuit</i></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=361164859810793603" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=361164859810793603" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=361164859810793603" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a>
8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Explain R<sub>4</sub>’s role by changing its
value to a smaller and bigger resistors and observing the voltage and the
current at the collector of the transistor.</h4>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<h4>
<span style="font-weight: normal;"> R<sub>4</sub>’s role is to limit the voltage and current going into the collector.</span></h4>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<ul>
<li>When R<sub>4 </sub>is smaller (47<span style="text-align: center;"> </span><span style="text-align: center;">Ω</span>), the DC motor will
spin. The voltage at the collector of the transistor is 9.44 V and the current
at the collector is 29.2 mA</li>
<li>When R<sub>4 </sub>is larger (1<span style="text-align: center;"> </span><span style="text-align: center;">kΩ</span>), the DC motor won’t do
anything. The voltage at the collector of the transistor is about 4 V and the
current at the collector is 3.0 mA</li>
</ul>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h4 style="text-indent: -24px;">
</h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->(Video) Create your own Rube Goldberg setup.</h4>
<div>
</div>
<div>
In our Rube Goldberg setup, the DC motor acts as a pulley, raising an object (in this test run, a paper flag). The DC motor would spin if there is a light source hitting the photosensor, and wouldn't spin if there's no light source.<br />
<br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/lzAh-CZiecQ/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lzAh-CZiecQ?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div>
</div>
<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Video 2: Test run of our Rube Goldberg setup</i></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-13982984816188594202016-01-28T17:25:00.000-08:002016-02-04T16:08:33.422-08:00Week 3<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Blog sheet week 3<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Compare the calculated and measured equivalent
resistance values between the nodes A and B for three circuit configurations
given below. Choose your own resistors. (Table)</h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-B-4bWwb1BxA/Vqqms-EFo1I/AAAAAAAAAS0/yZPgnE7JZgI/s1600/series%2Band%2Bparallel.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-B-4bWwb1BxA/Vqqms-EFo1I/AAAAAAAAAS0/yZPgnE7JZgI/s1600/series%2Band%2Bparallel.png" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 1: Figure (a) shows three resistors in parallel. Figures (b) and (c) are a combination of series and parallel</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f">
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<v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0">
<v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0">
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</v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas>
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</v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p>Resistors used:</o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p>R1: 120 </o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p>R2: 150 k</o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p>R3: 41 </o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p>R4: 360 <span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.25pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Chart<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Calculated
Value<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Measured
Value<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.25pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
A<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
32.7 <o:p></o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
34.8 <o:p></o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.25pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
B<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
160.98 <o:p></o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
165.89 <o:p></o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 85.25pt;" valign="top" width="114"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
C<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 99.0pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
519.93 <o:p></o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
522 <o:p></o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Our calculated values were fairly close to the measured values. We may have conducted minor mistakes in our calculations.<br />
<br />
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Apply 5V on a 120 Ω resistor. Measure the
current by putting the multimeter in series and parallel. Why are they
different? </h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
When measured in series, the current was
measured at 39 mA and in parallel, the current was measured at 0.12 A. They're different because in parallel, the DMM will short out the circuit, thus not giving you an accurate reading.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Apply 5 V to two resistors (47 Ω and 120 Ω) that
are in series. Compare the measured and calculated values of voltage and
current values on each resistor.</h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Our calculated & measured current values and voltage values were close to each other. The values are fairly close to each other because the two resistors are in series, meaning that the two would have similar current values. The only difference between the two resistors are the voltage values; in series, only the same current flows through the resistors, making the voltage values varying upon which resistor it flows through.<br />
<br />
Resistors in Series:<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: center;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.25pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Resistor Value</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Measured Current</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Calculated Current</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Measured Voltage</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Calculated Voltage</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.25pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b> </b>47 <span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span><span style="text-align: start; text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
27 mA</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
29.94 mA</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.38 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.41 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.25pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
120 <span style="text-align: start; text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
29.9 mA</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
29.93 mA</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.34 V</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.42 V</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p> </o:p>4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Apply 5 V to two resistors (47 Ω and 120 Ω) that
are in parallel. Compare the measured and <span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">calculated values of voltage and
current values on each resistor. </span></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Our measured and calculated current for the 47 <span style="text-align: center; text-indent: -24px;">Ω were off by 10.9 mA. We may have had a minor calculation error. The measured and calculated values for the current and voltage are different between each resistor because they're in parallel. When in parallel, the voltage is the same. However, the current through each resistor will be different, varying upon the resistor value. From the chart, the larger the resistor value is, the lower the current value will be.</span><br />
<o:p><br /></o:p><o:p>Resistors in Parallel:</o:p><br />
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.25pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Resistor Value</b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Measured Current</b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Calculated Current</b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Measured Voltage</b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Calculated Voltage</b></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.25pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b> </b>47 <span style="font-size: 13.5pt;"></span><span style="text-align: start; text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
99 mA</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
88.1 mA</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5 V</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5 V</div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 76.25pt;" valign="top" width="102"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
120 <span style="text-align: start; text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
38 mA</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
37.7 mA</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
5 V</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 94.5pt;" valign="top" width="126"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
4.8 V</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h4 style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<o:p> </o:p></h4>
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Compare the calculated and measured values of
the following current and voltage for the circuit below: (breadboard photo)</h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<h4 style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Current on 2 kΩ resistor,</h4>
<h4 style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">b.</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Voltage across both 1.2 kΩ resistors. </span></h4>
<div>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-18V93a58RHU/Vqq746KPTwI/AAAAAAAAATY/LnzjZj92Kx8/s1600/combination.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-18V93a58RHU/Vqq746KPTwI/AAAAAAAAATY/LnzjZj92Kx8/s1600/combination.png" /></a></div>
<div>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3h8QRhK2Gm4/Vqq1OUKA20I/AAAAAAAAATI/OKmtszaH6rY/s1600/IMG_2836.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-3h8QRhK2Gm4/Vqq1OUKA20I/AAAAAAAAATI/OKmtszaH6rY/s320/IMG_2836.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 2: Our breadboard setup</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
<div>
<div style="text-indent: -24px;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">In chart (a), Our calculated value was very close with the measured value. In chart (b), our calculated values and measured values were pretty close as well for the first 1.2 k</span><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: -24px;">Ω resistor, and slightly off for the second </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">1.2 k</span><span style="text-align: center; text-indent: -24px;">Ω resistor. The reason why the second resistor had a lower value than the first resistor is because they were in parallel; the voltage read across one resistor will not be the same as the next one. </span></div>
<div>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
<v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1028" style="height: 102.75pt; mso-wrap-style: square; visibility: visible; width: 125.25pt;" type="#_x0000_t75">
<v:imagedata o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\Amanda\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.emz">
</v:imagedata></v:shape><o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .25in;">
a.) 2 k<o:p></o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω resistor</span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .25in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Calculated Value<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Measured Value<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.80 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 233.75pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.83 mA<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
b.) 1.2 k<o:p></o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω resistor </span></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Resistor<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Calculated Value<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Measured Value<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.2k<span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.21 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.27 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.2k<o:p></o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0.5158 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
0.45 V<o:p></o:p></div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What would be the equivalent resistance value of
the circuit above (between the power supply nodes)? </h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
The equivalent resistance value of the
circuit is 2.176 k<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Measure the equivalent resistance with and
without the 5 V power supply. Are they different? Why?</h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<ul>
<li>The equivalent resistance with the 5V power supply was 25.26
M<o:p></o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω. We weren't sure why we were getting such a high value, but something about it didn't seem right. We were expecting the value to be much lower.</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<ul>
<li>The equivalent resistance without the 5V power supply was 2.5
k<o:p></o:p><span style="text-indent: -24px;">Ω</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
They are different because of how the DMM measures the resistance; it supplies a current to the circuit and then measures a voltage. If an outside voltage source is added, it should throw off the measurement.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Explain the operation of a <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiometer">potentiometer</a> by
measuring the resistance values between the terminals (there are 3 terminals,
so there would be 3 combinations). (video)</h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
A potentiometer operates by spinning its dial to either increase or decrease the resistance value. The video below provides a more detailed explanation.<br />
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/gI07aPlVreo/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gI07aPlVreo?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe><br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<o:p><i> Video 1: Explanation of the potentiometer</i></o:p><br />
<o:p><i><br /></i></o:p>
<o:p></o:p><br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; text-align: center;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 107.75pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Lead Combination</b></div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Value</b></div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 107.75pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1 and 2</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5.3 k Ω</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 107.75pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
2 and 3</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
5.3 k Ω</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 107.75pt;" valign="top" width="144"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1 and 3</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 103.5pt;" valign="top" width="138"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.3 k Ω</div>
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</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What would be the minimum and maximum voltage
that can be obtained at V1 by changing the knob position of the 5 KΩ pot?
Explain.</h4>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-p5G-lfXAzVM/Vqq8QJZjRBI/AAAAAAAAATg/ZxAo-r6WEdg/s1600/9.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-p5G-lfXAzVM/Vqq8QJZjRBI/AAAAAAAAATg/ZxAo-r6WEdg/s1600/9.png" /></a></div>
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<br /></div>
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The maximum would be 5V because if the knob
on the pot is almost turned all the way up, you’ll get close to 5V.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
The minimum would be 0V because the knob on
the pot is almost turned all the way down, you’ll get close to 0 V.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How are V1 and V2 related and how do they change
with the position of the knob of the pot? (video)</h4>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QSl9iFUeA2g/Vqq8hkm3jHI/AAAAAAAAATo/t4vIhVgAeYs/s1600/10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QSl9iFUeA2g/Vqq8hkm3jHI/AAAAAAAAATo/t4vIhVgAeYs/s1600/10.png" /></a></div>
<div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /><iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Bjjxw-B94sE/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Bjjxw-B94sE?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>Video 2: Showing how the knob affects the DMM readings</i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>(Note: Our leads were switched, hence the negative reading)</i></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
V1 is constantly set at 5V because there’s
no other component between that and the voltage source. V2 would be different
because of the 1k resistor. They are related by:<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
(R2/R1+R2) *V1 = V2</div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
</div>
<h4 style="text-indent: -24px;">
11. For the circuit shown in the video below, you should NOT turn down the potentiometer all the way down to reach 0 <span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Ω. Why?</span></h4>
<div>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">If you turn the potentiometer all the way down to reach 0 </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Ω</span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">, it will short the voltage source, thus creating high current and it will destroy the potentiometer. </span><br />
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
12.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How are current values of 1 kΩ resistor and 5 kΩ
pot related and how do they change with the position of the knob of the pot? (video)</h4>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /><iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/wXWbfeQ8rqQ/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wXWbfeQ8rqQ?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>Video 3: Showing how current values change according to the knob's position </i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
The current would be the same because it’s
in parallel if it’s at 1k. If the pot increases resistance, current should
decrease; as the pot decreases, the current should increase.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
13.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Explain what a voltage divider is and how it works
based on your experiments.</h4>
<div>
A voltage divider is a series of resistors or capacitors and an input that turns larger voltage into a smaller one. It can produce a specific output voltage, which is a fraction of the input voltage. From our experiment, we used the potentiometer to adjust the voltage. By turning the knob either left or right, the resistant value is adjusted; either increasing the voltage or decreasing the voltage of the output.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<h4 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
14.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Explain what a current divider is and how it
works based on your experiments.</h4>
<div>
A current divider is a group of resistors connected in parallel and divides the current from the power source. This allows different amount of current to be allocated to different parts of a circuit. In our experiment, it's based on the resistor value. As the potentiometer's resistance decreased, more current goes through it, causing less to travel through the 1k resistor.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-39464433479767742332016-01-22T05:18:00.000-08:002016-01-25T05:12:49.968-08:00Week 2<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<h2>
<b>Wednesday: </b></h2>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the role of A/B switch? If you are on A,
would B still give you a voltage?</h4>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
The role of the A/B switch is to signify
which supply the V and mA meters are connected. If you’re on A, B would still
give you a voltage; it doesn’t matter if it’s on independent or tracking. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<h4>
2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->In each channel, there is a current
specification (either 0.5 A or 4 A). What does that mean?</h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> This means that there is an adjustable
power supply from 0-24 V, hence up to 0.5 A, and a fixed 5 V supply up to 4 A. The
current specification allows the Constant Current indicator to light if there
is a unit that doesn’t meet the specification and can be rejected.</span></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br />
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<h4>
3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Your power supply has two main operation modes
for A and B channels; independent and tracking. How do those operation work?
(Video)</h4>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxPK0bqEXebTrWej6qnqKR8BJ1l11K4O6fBmR3u1D27I7bHsYYYWjIZqBeVxGaLkrsiiF3k6xHx2ecaIWF3tA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>Video 1: Using the power supply to see the differences of switching from</i></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i>different modes for A and B</i></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst">
In independent mode, A and B each supply
0-24 V up to 0.5 A. The operating controls for the two are independent of each
other and can be use either individually or simultaneously. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
In tracking mode, the B supply tracks the
voltage the A supply. It can be used in series or parallel. In series, A and B
supplies are connected in series, which allows a single output of 0-48 V at up
to 0.5 A. In parallel, A and B supplies are in parallel and allows a single output of 0-24 V at up to 1 A. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<h4>
4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Can you generate +30 V using a combination of
the power supply outputs? How? (Photo) </h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> Yes, you can generate +30V by having A and B in series tracking mode. If the voltage for A is set to 15 V, then the output voltage should be 30 V.</span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QD8ZsTB5e9k/Vp-VJPey6MI/AAAAAAAAAQ0/EmXPxQ50i9Y/s1600/FullSizeRender.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QD8ZsTB5e9k/Vp-VJPey6MI/AAAAAAAAAQ0/EmXPxQ50i9Y/s320/FullSizeRender.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 1: Multimeter measured at 37.36 V</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span></div>
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<h4>
5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Can you generate -30 V using a combination of
the power supply outputs? How? (Photo)</h4>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
Yes, if you flip around the prongs to get the
opposite reading. You can also obtain -30 V by grounding the positive terminal of A and the positive lead of A should be connected into the negative terminal of B.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SpImFvPBABM/Vp-Wvmg3jQI/AAAAAAAAARA/sUuxwE90SFE/s1600/IMG_2796.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-SpImFvPBABM/Vp-Wvmg3jQI/AAAAAAAAARA/sUuxwE90SFE/s320/IMG_2796.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 2: Multimeter measured at -30.64 V</i></td></tr>
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<h4>
6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Can you generate +10 V and -10 V <b>at the same time</b> using a combination of
the power supply outputs? How? (Photo)</h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
Yes, by having both A and B supplies are set to 10 V in independent mode and by having the power supply wired in series. The positive and negative lead are connected opposite from each other; being said, connecting the red wire to the second power supply gives you 10 V while connecting the red wire to the negative terminal gives you -10 V. Pictures are provided below. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZONZ6xmxMWE/Vp-XQP1naeI/AAAAAAAAARQ/3qJpRTB5ytA/s1600/IMG_2803.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ZONZ6xmxMWE/Vp-XQP1naeI/AAAAAAAAARQ/3qJpRTB5ytA/s320/IMG_2803.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 3: First value measured: +10 V</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IZT3CdBAc1w/Vp-XF7Ov54I/AAAAAAAAARI/KKdDWC9TIFM/s1600/IMG_2802.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IZT3CdBAc1w/Vp-XF7Ov54I/AAAAAAAAARI/KKdDWC9TIFM/s320/IMG_2802.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 4: Second value measured: -10 V</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CRHMIOutID8/Vp-YnJLHEfI/AAAAAAAAARc/4DqdXqw6U2g/s1600/IMG_2804.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CRHMIOutID8/Vp-YnJLHEfI/AAAAAAAAARc/4DqdXqw6U2g/s320/IMG_2804.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 5: Our setup to show how to get +10 V and -10 V at the same time on the DMM</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<h4>
7.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Apply 5V to a 100 Ω resistor and measure the
current by using the DMM (remember the setup in DC 3). Compare the reading with
the current meter reading on the power supply. At what angle of the current
knob makes the LED light on? If you keep on decreasing the current limit, what
happens to the voltage and current? (Video)</h4>
<div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;">
On the power supply, we measured 20 mA and on the DMM, we measured 44.83 mA. The angle of the current knob that makes the LED light on is a little over 180 degrees. If you keep decreasing the current limit, the voltage and current both decrease; obtaining a negative current value at one point.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;">
If it’s fixed, the current shows at 0 mA.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0px;">
</div>
</div>
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzpWuBQJq7K-kkis4uARJ74fiqnuuZs17Rsb2EuvbnnXIGqVZMJBUgZq-h3xfCoeBHHaQKJztcsryYlBGD5nA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<i style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> Video 2: Our setup to see what the maximum current value is </i><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
(<i>the light turns on if it reaches over maximum)</i></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
8.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Where is the fuse for the power supply? What is
it for?</h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> The fuse for the power supply is
located on the back of the power supply. It is used to prevent the power supply from being damaged if it is overloaded.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: .5in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
9.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Where is the fuse for the DMM? What is it for?</h4>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
The fuse for the DMM is on the bottom left
hand corner. It’s for breaking the circuit if a current exceeds a safe level.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<h4>
10.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the difference between 2W and 4W
resistor measurements?</h4>
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
The difference between a 2W resistor and a 4W
resistor is that the 2W resistor allows a maximum of 500 V dc or ac rms while
the 4W resistor allows a maximum of 250 V dc or ac rms. The 4W resistor is also more accurate than the 2W resistor.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
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<h4>
11.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How would you measure current that is around 10
A using DMM?</h4>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Using the DMM, you would measure
the current by placing the positive lead beneath the negative. Our picture shows 0 mA because we didn't meet the requirements at 4W.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uFl4Hnha5js/Vp-YxPfG-JI/AAAAAAAAARk/8AXLo2aNz74/s1600/IMG_2806.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-uFl4Hnha5js/Vp-YxPfG-JI/AAAAAAAAARk/8AXLo2aNz74/s320/IMG_2806.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Image 6: Showing how where the leads are placed on the DMM</i></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13836351658929535424noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-361164859810793603.post-48433156186250898352016-01-17T14:29:00.002-08:002016-01-22T05:23:03.294-08:00Week 1 <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<h2>
<b>Monday:</b></h2>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the class format?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
The majority of the class format involves
labs, blogs, quizzes, and exams. There are a total of 30 quizzes worth 10
points each; 15 discussions worth 10 points each; 15 blog reports worth 20
points each; 2 midterms worth 50 points each; and one final exam worth 150
points. The main goal for each student is to get as many points possible for a
high grade. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What are the important safety rules?<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Don’t work alone on energized electrical
equipment<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Power must be turned off during assembly and
disassembling. Discharge any high voltage points to ground<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Make measurements in live circuits with well
insulated probes and one hand behind your back. Don’t allow any part of your
body to touch any part of the circuit or equipment connected to the circuit<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Don’t touch electrical equipment while standing
on wet floor or metal floor<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Don’t handle wet, damp, or ungrounded electrical
equipment<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->f.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Jewelry such as rings and watches can be hazardous<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->g.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Don’t try to catch a falling part of a live
circuit<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->h.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Don’t touch two pieces of equipment
simultaneously<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->i.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Don’t touch even one wire of a circuit; it may
be “hot”<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->j.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Avoid heat surfaces<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->k.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Be cautious when handling components<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1.0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->l.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Ask instructor to check your circuit before
applying power<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Does current kill? <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
Yes</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How do you read color codes? (Video)<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dymy3ksmW02LGs8hGrgA0MPMypTDKMTAVDD0whrlmpdh_Dx-uFtrsI3qUt0x-7ri5yKP_wQyToIxPwyk4kocg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the tolerance? Give an example from your
experiment.</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
Tolerance is the variance of a resistor. We
read the bands on the resistor to determine its theoretical value and then used
the multimeter to determine its actual value to compare them. </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst">
<o:p><br /></o:p></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
6.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Prove all your resistors are within the
tolerance range<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Theoretical</b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Actual</b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Tolerance: Y/N</b></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
2.72 k<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
2.71 k<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Y</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
15 k<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
14.9 k<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Y</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
2.2 M<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
2.2 M<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Y</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
150 k<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
147.5 k<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Y</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
8.2 M<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
8.36 M<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Y</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
360<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
358<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Y</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
47<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
47.5<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Y</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
15 k<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
1.479 k<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Y</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
121<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
119<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Y</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.8pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
8210<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
816 k<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;"> Ω</span></b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 155.85pt;" valign="top" width="208"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
N</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b>Wednesday:</b></h2>
<div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->What is the difference between measuring the
voltage and current using a DMM? Why?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
The difference between measuring the voltage
and current using a DMM depends on where you plug in the cords on the DMM and
which settings you’re using. To measure the current, you have to break the loop
whereas for voltage, you don’t. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How many different voltage values can you get
from the power supply? Can each one of them be changed to any value?</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
You can get three different values; one is
fixed and the other two can range anywhere from 0 V to 25 V.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
3.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Practice circuit results (video) & (photo)<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dz_UmrGTwIsbFUp4m4O43bMgMqvKGTCoiY1H3rVajeDludIIHlH2J9kkjDWWRQ2VmQjOzPgt_I1eUfzwdhJvQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-faLni6XHzUQ/VpgmQwEj8PI/AAAAAAAAAQA/4522QI9-dR0/s1600/IMG_2752%2B%25281%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-faLni6XHzUQ/VpgmQwEj8PI/AAAAAAAAAQA/4522QI9-dR0/s320/IMG_2752%2B%25281%2529.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;">
4.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How do you experimentally prove Ohm’s Law?
Provide measurement results. Compare calculated and measured voltage, current, and
resistance values. (Experimental setup photo)</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast">
<o:p></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<v:shape id="Picture_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_s1026" style="height: 152.95pt; left: 0px; margin-left: 102pt; margin-top: -5.95pt; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 114.7pt; z-index: -251657216;" type="#_x0000_t75"><br /></v:shape></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rskKqUMwxpw/Vpgl0oRRnMI/AAAAAAAAAP4/Dv3lgQTC9rQ/s1600/IMG_2748%2B%25281%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-rskKqUMwxpw/Vpgl0oRRnMI/AAAAAAAAAP4/Dv3lgQTC9rQ/s320/IMG_2748%2B%25281%2529.JPG" width="240" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
We measured the voltage and current using
the DMM and they should be linearly dependent. As voltage increases, current
increases. We used a 100 <b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Ω</span></b> resistor and a 150 k <b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Ω</span></b>
resistor. The chart below summarizes our findings after conducting five trials
for each resistor. The larger the resistor value is, the more/less the current
is at a fixed voltage<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
100 <b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Ω</span></b> Resistor</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.9pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Trial</b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Voltage Measured</b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.95pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Ampere Measured </b></div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.9pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
2.69 V</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.95pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
24.4 mA</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.9pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
3.51 V</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.95pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
31.2 mA</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.9pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
6.16 V</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.95pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
55.1 mA</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.9pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
6.81 V</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.95pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
60.8 mA</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.9pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
7.24 V</div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.95pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
65.5 mA</div>
</div>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle">
150 k<b><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Ω</span></b> Resistor<o:p></o:p></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: .5in; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.9pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Trial</b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<b>Voltage Measured</b></div>
</div>
</td>
<td style="border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.95pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
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<b>Ampere Measured </b></div>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
1</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
2.06 V</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.95pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
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0.0143 mA</div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.9pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
2</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
2.83 V</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.95pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
0.0196 mA</div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.9pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
3</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
3.81 V</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.95pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
0.0259 mA</div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.9pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
4</div>
</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
4.29 V</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.95pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
0.0295 mA</div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 106.9pt;" valign="top" width="143"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
5</div>
</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.9pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
5.02 V</div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 109.95pt;" valign="top" width="147"><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
0.0343 mA</div>
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5.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Rube Goldberg circuit (video).<o:p></o:p></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwAZ3mTcDuQfEc6o7QW4aPG-INeVsz3vCMZVlHNlgOojjsw2i27mZ6nP1Ggphy2yCG_uTOu8OwVAIKPyPB23w' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b>Friday:</b></h2>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]-->1.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->Draw the circuit diagram for the Rube Goldberg
set-up.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s3SkJ3K-iw8/VpwNe1YLdoI/AAAAAAAAAQQ/4vp3hHRBMnQ/s1600/IMG_2786.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-s3SkJ3K-iw8/VpwNe1YLdoI/AAAAAAAAAQQ/4vp3hHRBMnQ/s320/IMG_2786.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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2.<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;">
</span><!--[endif]-->How can you implement this setup into a Rube
Goldberg machine? Drawing required.<o:p></o:p></div>
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We could use the motor to start a new chain of reaction. Our
current idea is to create a pulley system by using a photo sensor and a motor.
By shining a light on the photo sensor the motor will begin to turn. Around the
motor is a string that will lift up the flags.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mHj87U5UiU0/VpwOaZfVBzI/AAAAAAAAAQY/om1AMYTI9pg/s1600/IMG_2787.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mHj87U5UiU0/VpwOaZfVBzI/AAAAAAAAAQY/om1AMYTI9pg/s320/IMG_2787.JPG" width="320" /></a></div>
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